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[论文解读] Interaction semantics and its implications for an interaction oriented architecture of IoT-type applications

Johannes Reich|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 29, 2017
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing被引用 3
一句话总结

本文提出了一种基于交互语义形式化参考模型的面向交互的物联网应用软件架构。通过定义语义对齐、分层抽象和明确的关注点分离,该架构实现了松散耦合、可重用的组件,显著降低了在动态交互网络中的适配成本。

ABSTRACT

Several synergistic trends, subsumed under the phrase "Internet of things (IoT)" massively drive the increasing importance of networking applications. In the past, the exponential growth of the Internet was mainly due to semantically agnostic transport protocols. In the future it is to be expected that, because of the increasing autonomy of technical systems, it becomes necessary to better understand the nature of the semantics of these interaction networks to create appropriate networking applications. Appropriate means that the architecture of these applications allows to minimize the effort to adapt these applications to the permanently changing interaction networks. The proposed interaction oriented architecture is based on a reference model of interaction semantics. It provides guiding principles on how to design networking applications. The reference model of interaction semantics provides: a unifying description of the things in the physical, the information and the human world; an interaction model that is of direct runtime relevance; an understanding for how hierarchical structured components can cooperate loosely coupled; a concept to determine how much semantics has to be common to enable components of different semantic domains to cooperate loosely coupled; and a data type model. The software reference architecture provides: a definition of software layers; means to express vertical interactions, that is interactions which demarcate a software layer; means to express horizontal interactions, that is, between processes in the same software layer; a definition of a component and how to distinguish it from other entities like systems or objects; and a model how to separate reusable from non-reusable parts of an application's functionality.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决由自主、互联系统驱动的物联网应用日益增长的复杂性。
  • 通过在系统设计中嵌入语义意识,克服语义无关协议的局限性。
  • 通过结构化的语义建模,最小化在演化交互网络中的适配开销。
  • 为物理、信息和人类领域之间的互操作性提供统一框架。
  • 通过明确的功能与语义对齐,实现模块化、可重用的软件组件。

提出的方法

  • 引入交互语义的参考模型,以统一描述物理、信息和人类世界中的实体。
  • 定义一种运行时相关的交互模型,支持动态、松散耦合的组件协作。
  • 建立语义对齐概念,以确定跨域组件交互所需的最小共同语义。
  • 提出一种分层软件架构,明确表达组件之间的垂直和水平交互模式。
  • 引入一种组件模型,基于功能和语义边界,将组件与系统或对象区分开来。
  • 通过语义和结构分解,在架构中实现可重用与不可重用功能的分离。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1如何形式化定义语义对齐,以实现不同语义领域中组件之间的互操作性?
  • RQ2哪些架构原则能够在保持语义一致性的前提下,支持动态物联网交互网络中的松散耦合?
  • RQ3软件层应如何组织,以有效支持垂直(分层)和水平(对等)交互?
  • RQ4在面向交互的物联网架构中,应通过何种标准区分可重用组件与不可重用组件?
  • RQ5如何通过统一的语义模型弥合物联网应用中物理、信息和人类世界之间的鸿沟?

主要发现

  • 交互语义的参考模型能够统一描述物理、信息和人类领域中的实体。
  • 该架构支持交互语义的直接运行时相关性,提升了动态系统的适应能力。
  • 分层组件可通过定义的语义对齐阈值实现松散耦合的协作。
  • 该模型量化了跨域组件交互所需的最小语义共性。
  • 软件架构明确分离了可重用与不可重用的功能,提升了可维护性。
  • 垂直和水平交互模式得到形式化表达,支持跨层和对等通信的结构化实现。

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