[论文解读] International Institutions for Advanced AI

L. Lawrence Ho, Joslyn Barnhart+9 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jul 10, 2023

Ethics and Social Impacts of AI被引用 20

一句话总结

本文提出四种国际治理模式——Commission on Frontier AI、Advanced AI Governance Organization、Frontier AI Collaborative 和 AI Safety Project，并分析它们在管理高级AI风险、分配利益方面的潜在作用、协同效应与可行性。

ABSTRACT

International institutions may have an important role to play in ensuring advanced AI systems benefit humanity. International collaborations can unlock AI's ability to further sustainable development, and coordination of regulatory efforts can reduce obstacles to innovation and the spread of benefits. Conversely, the potential dangerous capabilities of powerful and general-purpose AI systems create global externalities in their development and deployment, and international efforts to further responsible AI practices could help manage the risks they pose. This paper identifies a set of governance functions that could be performed at an international level to address these challenges, ranging from supporting access to frontier AI systems to setting international safety standards. It groups these functions into four institutional models that exhibit internal synergies and have precedents in existing organizations: 1) a Commission on Frontier AI that facilitates expert consensus on opportunities and risks from advanced AI, 2) an Advanced AI Governance Organization that sets international standards to manage global threats from advanced models, supports their implementation, and possibly monitors compliance with a future governance regime, 3) a Frontier AI Collaborative that promotes access to cutting-edge AI, and 4) an AI Safety Project that brings together leading researchers and engineers to further AI safety research. We explore the utility of these models and identify open questions about their viability.

研究动机与目标

• 为利用AI收益并减轻全球风险而主张国际治理。
• 将治理职能映射到国际机构，并确定可在何处实施。
• 提出四种制度模型，分析它们的优势、协同效应与局限性。
• 强调未来 frontier AI 治理中的若干开放问题与实际考虑。

提出的方法

• 将治理职能按科学/技术发展与规则制定/执行进行分类框架化。
• 将每一职能概念映射到四种理想化的制度模型。
• 对每种模型在利益、挑战与可行性方面进行比较分析。
• 参考现有国际努力（OECD、GPAI、ITU、ISO/IEC）以使提案落地。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 需要哪些国际治理职能来应对高级AI带来的机会与风险？
• RQ2 哪些制度配置能有效执行这些职能，同时促进全球访问与安全？
• RQ3 对每种提议模型（共识、标准、访问、安全研究）主要的挑战与可行性关切是什么？
• RQ4 现有机构（OECD、GPAI、ITU、ISO/IEC）如何为新国际结构提供信息或被其补充？
• RQ5 关于参与激励、监测以及对快速AI进展的适应性，仍存在哪些未解的问题？

主要发现

• 四种制度模型能够为 frontier AI 执行互补但协同的治理角色。
• Commission on Frontier AI 可帮助建立专家共识并为政策提供信息。
• Advanced AI Governance Organization 可设定标准、支持执行并监测合规。
• Frontier AI Collaborative 可促进国际访问并向欠发达地区分配利益。
• AI Safety Project 可协调安全研究并在领先研究者之间共享资源。