[论文解读] It Runs in the Family: Searching for Similar Names using Digitized Family Trees.
本文提出 GRAFT,一种基于图的算法,利用数字化的家谱树数据,以更高准确度建议姓名同义词。通过从1700万个家谱资料构建姓名相似性图,并应用通用排序函数,GRAFT 在建议名字同义词方面优于音似法、字符串匹配法及机器学习方法,适用于名字与姓氏。
Searching for a person's name is a common online activity. However, Web search engines provide few accurate results to queries containing names. In contrast to a general text which has only one correct spelling, there are several legitimate spellings of a given name. Today, most techniques used to suggest synonyms in online search are based on pattern matching and phonetic encoding, however, they frequently have poor performance. As a result, there is a need for an effective tool for improved synonym suggestion. In this paper, we propose a revolutionary approach for tackling the problem of synonym suggestion. Our novel algorithm titled GRAFT utilizes historical data collected from genealogy websites, along with network algorithms. This is a general algorithm that suggests synonyms based on the construction of a graph-based on names derived from generated digitized ancestral family trees. Synonyms are extracted from this graph constructed using generic ordering functions that outperform other algorithms that suggest synonyms based on a single dimension, a factor that limits their performance. We evaluated GRAFT's performance on forenames and surnames, including the utilization of a large-scale online genealogy dataset with over 17 million profiles and more than 200,000 unique forenames and surnames. For comparison, we compared its performance at suggesting synonyms to nine algorithms, including phonetic encoding, string similarity algorithms, and machine and deep learning techniques. The results show that GRAFT found superior to the evaluated algorithms with respect to both forenames and surnames and demonstrate its use as a tool to improve synonym suggestion.
研究动机与目标
- 为解决因多种合法拼写方式导致网络搜索中姓名同义词建议不准确的问题。
- 改进现有依赖单一维度方法(如音似编码或字符串相似度)的同义词建议技术。
- 开发一种通用算法,利用数字化家谱中的历史姓名数据,以增强同义词发现能力。
- 在名字与姓氏上,将所提方法与多种成熟算法进行性能对比评估。
- 证明基于图的姓名相似性建模在大规模家谱数据上的有效性。
提出的方法
- GRAFT 构建一个图结构,其中节点代表姓名,边代表在大型家谱数据集中祖先家谱树中的共现关系。
- 该算法应用通用排序函数,基于姓名图中的结构与关系模式对同义词候选进行排序与提取。
- 利用超过1700万条资料中的历史姓名数据,推导姓名共现频率,并推断语义或拼写上的相似性。
- 该方法整合网络算法,以建模超越简单音似或字符串层级匹配的姓名关系。
- 通过分析所构建图中局部与全局的姓名连通性模式,生成同义词建议。
- 采用包含超过20万个唯一名字与姓氏的多样化数据集进行评估,以确保广泛适用性。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1基于家谱数据的图方法是否能在姓名同义词建议中超越传统的音似法与字符串相似度方法?
- RQ2GRAFT 在利用大规模历史姓名数据时,对名字与姓氏的同义词建议效果如何?
- RQ3在姓名图上应用通用排序函数,与单一维度技术相比,能在多大程度上提升同义词建议效果?
- RQ4利用祖先家谱树数据是否能提升同义词推荐的准确度与多样性?
- RQ5GRAFT 在同义词建议任务中与最先进机器学习及深度学习模型相比表现如何?
主要发现
- GRAFT 在名字与姓氏的同义词建议中,显著优于九种基准算法,包括音似编码、字符串相似度与机器学习技术。
- 该算法通过图结构捕捉多维姓名关系,表现优于仅依赖单一特征的方法。
- 利用1700万条家谱资料,使姓名变体与共现关系的建模更加稳健,从而提升同义词检测的准确度。
- 应用于姓名图的通用排序函数,相较于单维方法,在识别合法姓名变体方面更为有效。
- GRAFT 在各类姓名类型与拼写变体中,均展现出一致且可量化的同义词建议质量提升。
- 结果证实,历史家谱数据为改进姓名同义词推荐系统提供了丰富且尚未被充分利用的资源。
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