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[论文解读] Joint Communication and Control for Wireless Autonomous Vehicular Platoon Systems

Tengchan Zeng, Omid Semiari|arXiv (Cornell University)|Apr 15, 2018
Traffic control and management参考文献 46被引用 14
一句话总结

本文提出了一种用于无线连接的自动驾驶车辆编队的通信与控制联合框架,结合随机几何与排队论,对端到端V2V延迟进行建模并推导可靠性边界。该框架在延迟约束下优化控制参数,以最大化可靠性,确保在真实无线信道条件下的编队稳定性。

ABSTRACT

Autonomous vehicular platoons will play an important role in improving on-road safety in tomorrow's smart cities. Vehicles in an autonomous platoon can exploit vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications to collect information, such as velocity and acceleration, from surrounding vehicles so as to maintain the target velocity and inter-vehicle distance. However, due to the dynamic on-vehicle data processing rate and the uncertainty of the wireless channel, V2V communications within a platoon will experience a delay. Such delay can impair the vehicles' ability to stabilize the operation of the platoon. In this paper, a novel framework is proposed to optimize a platoon's operation while jointly consider the delay of the wireless network and the stability of the vehicle's control system. First, stability analysis for the control system is performed and the maximum wireless system delay requirements which can prevent the instability of the control system are derived. Then, delay analysis is conducted to determine the end-to-end delay, including queuing, processing, and transmission delay for the V2V link in the wireless network. Subsequently, using the derived delay, a lower bound and an approximated expression of the reliability for the wireless system, defined as the probability that the wireless system meets the control system's delay needs, are derived. Then, the control parameters are optimized to maximize the derived wireless system reliability. Simulation results corroborate the analytical derivations and study the impact of parameters, such as the platoon size, on the reliability performance of the vehicular platoon. More importantly, the simulation results disclose the benefits of integrating control system and wireless network design while providing guidelines for designing autonomous platoons so as to realize the required wireless network reliability and control system stability.

研究动机与目标

  • 填补现有研究中通信与控制系统孤立处理所导致的性能次优问题,尤其在真实世界车辆编队中。
  • 利用基于李雅普诺夫的稳定性准则,分析控制系统的最大可容忍无线系统延迟,以维持编队控制稳定性。
  • 利用随机几何与排队论对端到端V2V通信延迟(排队、处理、传输)进行建模。
  • 推导无线可靠性的下界与近似表达式,即满足延迟要求的概率。
  • 通过优化控制系统参数以最大化推导出的可靠性度量,确保对信道不确定性的鲁棒性。

提出的方法

  • 使用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论对CACC控制系统进行稳定性分析,推导出稳定编队运行所允许的最大延迟。
  • 采用泊松点过程对V2V无线网络进行建模,并应用随机几何分析干扰与信号干扰加噪声比(SINR)。
  • 利用排队论表征V2V链路中的端到端延迟分量:传输延迟、处理延迟与排队延迟。
  • 利用伽马近似与拉普拉斯变换技术,推导出瑞利衰落信道下SINR的互补累积分布函数(CCDF)。
  • 应用马尔可夫不等式与切尔诺夫界,推导可靠性的下界,并在两者中选择更紧的界用于优化。
  • 建立并求解优化问题,通过调节控制系统参数在延迟约束下最大化可靠性。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在车辆编队中,控制系统在不丧失稳定性的情况下可容忍的最大无线系统延迟是多少?
  • RQ2在存在干扰与随机接入的现实车辆环境中,如何对端到端V2V通信延迟进行建模?
  • RQ3V2V网络满足控制系统延迟要求的概率是多少,且如何可靠地进行边界估计?
  • RQ4分组大小与编队规模如何影响集成通信-控制系统的可靠性?
  • RQ5在动态信道条件下,哪些控制系统参数可使无线可靠性最大化,同时保持编队稳定性?

主要发现

  • 基于控制系统稳定性准则,解析推导出稳定编队运行所允许的最大容忍无线延迟,为网络设计提供硬性上限。
  • V2V链路的端到端延迟被建模为传输、处理与排队延迟的组合,并利用随机几何与排队论推导出闭式表达式。
  • 推导出两个可靠性下界——一个基于马尔可夫不等式,另一个基于切尔诺夫界——为满足延迟约束的概率提供稳健估计。
  • 仿真结果验证了理论推导,表明可靠性随编队规模增大与分组尺寸增加而下降,凸显了联合优化的必要性。
  • 控制参数的优化显著提升了可靠性,结果表明最大化最小延迟预算(min(τ₁, τ₂))对于实现高可靠性至关重要。
  • 该框架表明,集成控制与通信设计可带来更稳定、更可靠的编队行驶,为5G赋能的自动驾驶车辆系统提供了实用设计指导。

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