[论文解读] Joint Training of the Superimposed Direct and Reflected Links in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Multiuser Communications
本文提出了一种新型的可重构智能表面(RIS)辅助多用户通信联合训练框架,该框架在多个训练周期内估计叠加的直射与反射端到端信道,从而在无需单独信道估计的情况下实现优化的RIS相位偏移。该方法降低了 pilot 和信令开销,同时在低信噪比(SNR)下实现了近似最优性能,理论分析与SISO和MIMO场景下的仿真结果验证了其有效性。
In Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted systems the acquisition of CSI and the optimization of the reflecting coefficients constitute a pair of salient design issues. In this paper, a novel channel training protocol is proposed, which is capable of achieving a flexible performance vs. signalling and pilot overhead as well as implementation complexity trade-off. More specifically, first of all, we conceive a holistic channel estimation protocol, which integrates the existing channel estimation techniques and passive beamforming design. Secondly, we propose a new channel training framework. In contrast to the conventional channel estimation arrangements, our new framework divides the training phase into several periods, where the superimposed end-to-end channel is estimated instead of separately estimating the direct BS-user channel and cascaded reflected BS-RIS-user channels. As a result, the reflecting coefficients of the RIS are optimized by comparing the objective function values over multiple training periods. Moreover, the theoretical performance of our channel training protocol is analyzed and compared to that under the optimal reflecting coefficients. In addition, the potential benefits of our channel training protocol in reducing the complexity, pilot overhead as well as signalling overhead are also detailed. Thirdly, we derive the theoretical performance of channel estimation protocols and our channel training protocol in the presence of noise for a SISO scenario, which provides useful insights into the impact of the noise on the overall RIS performance. Finally, our numerical simulations characterize the performance of the proposed protocols and verify our theoretical analysis. In particular, the simulation results demonstrate that our channel training protocol is more competitive than the channel estimation protocol at low signal-to-noise ratios.
研究动机与目标
- 解决在RIS辅助系统中获取精确信道状态信息(CSI)的挑战,其中由于RIS元件为无源特性,传统的基于pilot的估计方法不可行。
- 通过避免对直射与级联信道的单独估计,降低RIS辅助多用户下行链路通信中的pilot与信令开销。
- 通过一种新型训练协议,联合估计多个周期内叠加的端到端信道,实现RIS反射系数的联合优化。
- 在存在噪声的情况下,对所提训练协议的性能进行理论分析,并与最优反射系数设计进行比较。
- 通过仿真与解析推导,证明所提方法在低信噪比(SNR)区域相较于传统信道估计具有显著优势。
提出的方法
- 提出一种整体化信道估计协议,将无源波 beamforming 设计与信道估计相结合,避免对直射与级联信道的单独估计。
- 设计一种新型训练框架,将训练阶段划分为多个周期,在此期间联合估计叠加的端到端信道(直射 + 反射)。
- 通过在多个训练周期内比较目标函数值(如信号功率或速率),优化RIS反射系数,从而实现自适应波束成形。
- 推导在信道估计误差下平均端到端信道增益的理论表达式,结合直射与反射链路的复高斯噪声模型。
- 采用复高斯分布建模信道估计误差,从而推导出关键性能指标的闭式期望表达式。
- 应用诸如归一化信道估计实部与虚部期望等解析工具,推导出最终性能表达式(见公式(66))。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1与传统单独估计方法相比,一种联合训练协议若能估计叠加的直射与反射信道,是否可显著降低pilot与信令开销?
- RQ2在存在实际信道估计误差的情况下,所提联合训练协议的性能与最优反射系数设计相比如何?
- RQ3在所提框架中,噪声对平均端到端信道增益的理论影响是什么?
- RQ4在低信噪比(SNR)条件下,所提方法是否优于传统信道估计方法?
- RQ5在RIS辅助多用户系统中,该联合训练框架在降低实现复杂度的同时,性能保持程度如何?
主要发现
- 所提联合训练协议在显著降低pilot与信令开销的同时,实现了接近最优的性能。
- 理论分析表明,在估计误差下的平均端到端信道增益由公式(66)给出,该公式同时考虑了直射与反射链路的功率及干扰项。
- 仿真结果表明,该协议在低SNR下表现出优越性能,优于传统信道估计技术。
- 公式(66)的推导结果表明,性能增益与RIS元件数N成正比,且取决于信道功率与估计误差方差的比值。
- 归一化信道估计的实部对平均信道增益有贡献,而虚部的期望为零,从而简化了性能分析。
- 仿真结果证实,所提方法在各种SNR区间均保持鲁棒性能,并在性能、开销与复杂度之间提供了灵活的权衡。
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