[论文解读] La representación de la variación contextual mediante definiciones terminológicas flexibles

Antonio San Martín|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 1, 2016

linguistics and terminology studies被引用 6

一句话总结

本文提出了一种灵活的术语定义方法，通过整合通用领域的定义与子领域的特定细化，捕捉专业环境术语中依赖上下文的变化。基于认知语言学，本文识别出三种累加性现象——调制、视角化和亚概念化，展示了语境变化如何塑造意义，并为技术传播中构建上下文敏感的定义提供了指导原则。

ABSTRACT

In this doctoral thesis, we apply premises of cognitive linguistics to terminological definitions and present a proposal called the flexible terminological definition. This consists of a set of definitions of the same concept made up of a general definition (in this case, one encompassing the entire environmental domain) along with additional definitions describing the concept from the perspective of the subdomains in which it is relevant. Since context is a determining factor in the construction of the meaning of lexical units (including terms), we assume that terminological definitions can, and should, reflect the effects of context, even though definitions have traditionally been treated as the expression of meaning void of any contextual effect. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the effects of contextual variation on specialized environmental concepts with a view to their representation in terminological definitions. Specifically, we focused on contextual variation based on thematic restrictions. To accomplish the objectives of this doctoral thesis, we conducted an empirical study consisting of the analysis of a set of contextually variable concepts and the creation of a flexible definition for two of them. As a result of the first part of our empirical study, we divided our notion of domain-dependent contextual variation into three different phenomena: modulation, perspectivization and subconceptualization. These phenomena are additive in that all concepts experience modulation, some concepts also undergo perspectivization, and finally, a small number of concepts are additionally subjected to subconceptualization. In the second part, we applied these notions to terminological definitions and we presented we presented guidelines on how to build flexible definitions, from the extraction of knowledge to the actual writing of the definition.

研究动机与目标

• 解决传统术语定义的局限性，后者忽略了语境对意义的影响。
• 分析语境变化（尤其是主题限制）如何影响专业环境术语。
• 开发一种表示术语定义中依赖上下文意义的框架。
• 实证识别并分类环境术语中依赖领域语境变化的现象。
• 基于知识抽取和语言学分析，提供构建灵活术语定义的实际指导原则。

提出的方法

• 应用认知语言学原理，将术语定义重构为上下文敏感的建构。
• 识别语境变化的三种累加性现象：调制（普遍）、视角化（部分）和亚概念化（稀少）。
• 对具有语境可变性的环境概念进行实证分析，以分类其变化模式。
• 通过结合通用领域定义与反映主题限制的子领域特定定义，创建灵活的定义。
• 开发从语境知识中提取并制定反映语义变化的定义的方法论指导原则。
• 采用案例研究方法，展示灵活定义在两个选定环境概念上的应用。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 语境变化，尤其是主题限制，如何影响专业环境术语的意义？
• RQ2 语境变化在术语定义中以哪些不同的现象表现出来？
• RQ3 灵活术语定义在多大程度上能比传统定义更准确地表示依赖上下文的意义？
• RQ4 认知语言学原理如何系统性地应用于改进术语定义的设计？
• RQ5 可以为技术领域中创建上下文敏感的定义推导出哪些实际指导原则？

主要发现

• 环境术语中的语境变化具有系统性结构，可被归类为三种累加性现象：调制、视角化和亚概念化。
• 所有专业环境术语都经历调制，这反映了其对领域特定用法的一般性语境适应。
• 一部分术语经历视角化，其意义根据主题焦点或话语视角而发生改变。
• 仅有极少数术语受到亚概念化的影响，表明其意义存在更复杂、分层的变化。
• 通过结合通用定义与子领域特定的细化，灵活术语定义能有效表示这些变化。
• 所提出的框架能够更准确、更具上下文意识地表示技术传播中专业术语的意义。