Skip to main content
QUICK REVIEW

[论文解读] Line formation in solar granulation VII. CO lines and the solar C and O isotopic abundances

Patrick Scott, M. Asplund|CERN Bulletin|May 4, 2006
Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics参考文献 62被引用 48
一句话总结

本研究利用三维辐射流体动力学太阳大气模型分析来自ATMOS空间任务的CO谱线,以高精度测定太阳碳和氧同位素丰度。结果得到太阳碳丰度为 log ε(C) = 8.39 ± 0.05,同位素比值为 12C/13C = 86.8+3.9−3.7 和 16O/18O = 479+29−28,表明光球层之上存在一个较冷的CO层,对当前太阳系形成模型构成挑战。

ABSTRACT

CO spectral line formation in the Sun has long been a source of consternation for solar physicists, as have the elemental abundances it seems to imply. We modelled solar CO line formation using a realistic, ab initio, time-dependent 3D radiative-hydrodynamic model atmosphere. Results were compared with observations from the space-based ATMOS experiment. We employed weak 12C16O, 13C16O and 12C18O lines from the fundamental and first overtone bands to determine the solar carbon abundance, as well as the 12C/13C and 16O/18O isotopic ratios. A weighted carbon abundance of log epsilonC = 8.39 +-0.05 was found. We note with satisfaction that the derived abundance is identical to our recent 3D determination based on CI, [C I], C2 and CH lines. Identical calculations were carried out using 1D models, but only the 3D model was able to produce abundance agreement between different CO lines and the other atomic and molecular diagnostics. Solar 12C/13C and 16O/18O ratios were measured as 86.8+3.9-3.7 (delta13C = 30+46-44) and 479+29-28 (delta18O = 41+67-59), respectively. These values may require current theories of solar system formation to be revised. Excellent agreement was seen between observed and predicted weak CO line shapes, without invoking micro- or macroturbulence. Agreement breaks down for the strongest CO lines however, which are formed in very high atmospheric layers. The simplest explanation is that temperatures are overestimated in the highest layers of the 3D simulation. Thus, our analysis supports the presence of a COmosphere above the traditional photospheric temperature minimum, with an average temperature of less than 4000K. The shortcoming of the model atmosphere is not surprising, given that it was never intended to properly describe such high layers.

研究动机与目标

  • 利用ATMOS空间任务获取的弱CO谱线测定太阳碳丰度。
  • 利用太阳红外光谱中的CO谱线测量12C/13C和16O/18O同位素比值。
  • 检验三维辐射流体动力学模型是否能在不假设微观或宏观湍流的情况下重现观测到的CO谱线轮廓。
  • 研究观测到的最强CO谱线与预测值之间的差异,揭示高大气层中模型的潜在局限性。
  • 评估结果对太阳大气结构及太阳系形成理论(特别是CO自遮蔽假说)的影响。

提出的方法

  • 采用真实、从头计算、时间依赖的三维辐射流体动力学模型大气,模拟太阳米粒组织和CO谱线形成。
  • 利用基频(Δv=1)和第一倍频(Δv=2)带中的弱12C16O、13C16O和12C18O谱线推导元素丰度。
  • 将合成谱线轮廓与ATMOS实验获得的基于空间的观测光谱进行比较,以验证模型预测。
  • 并行计算使用一维模型大气,以比较三维与一维方法的性能。
  • 分析谱线双曲线和强度,评估高层大气中的温度结构和非局部热动平衡效应。
  • 通过多个诊断手段(C i、[C i]、C2、CH和CO谱线)评估推导丰度的一致性,以验证结果。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1三维辐射流体动力学模型能否在不假设微观或宏观湍流的情况下准确重现太阳光谱中观测到的CO谱线轮廓?
  • RQ2从CO谱线推导出的太阳碳丰度是多少?与其它原子和分子诊断结果相比如何?
  • RQ3太阳中12C/13C和16O/18O同位素比值的精确值是多少?与太阳系形成模型的预测相比如何?
  • RQ4为何最强CO谱线在观测强度与预测值之间存在差异?这对高层太阳大气温度结构意味着什么?
  • RQ5该模型是否支持光球层之上存在一个较冷的CO层?其平均温度是多少?有何含义?

主要发现

  • 从CO谱线得出加权太阳碳丰度为 log ε(C) = 8.39 ± 0.05,与C i、[C i]、C2和CH谱线的三维结果高度一致。
  • 测得的12C/13C同位素比值为 86.8+3.9−3.7(δ13C = 30+46−44),表明其值高于以往假设的水平。
  • 16O/18O同位素比值确定为 479+29−28(δ18O = 41+67−59),提示需对当前太阳系形成理论进行修正。
  • 三维模型在无需引入微观或宏观湍流的情况下成功重现了弱CO谱线形状,而一维模型在多个诊断手段间无法达成一致。
  • 最强CO谱线的差异表明,三维模型在最高大气层中的温度被高估,暗示存在一个平均温度低于4000 K的较冷CO层。
  • 模型在高层大气中的不足是可预期的,因为其设计初衷并非精确描述这些区域,凸显了改进日冕层上层大气建模的必要性。

更好的研究,从现在开始

从论文设计到论文写作,大幅缩短您的研究时间。

无需绑定信用卡

本解读由 AI 生成,并经人工编辑审核。