[论文解读] Liquid Atomization out of a Full Cone Pressure Swirl Nozzle
本研究结合数值模拟、理论分析与实验方法,研究全锥形压力涡流喷嘴中的液体雾化过程,揭示喷嘴内部存在双流结构,并表明靠近泰勒长度尺度的小液滴源于湍流级联,而非线性不稳定性。液滴尺寸分布的稳定性指数1.35支持一种受螺旋湍流影响的对数稳定分布律,与理论预期不同。
A thorough numerical, theoretical and experimental investigation of the liquid atomization in a full cone pressure swirl nozzle is presented. The first part is devoted to the study of the inner flow. CAD and CFD software are used in order to determine the most important parameters of the flow at the exit of nozzle. An important conclusion is the existence of two flow regions: one in relatively slow motion (the boundary layer) and a second nearly in solid rotation at a very high angular rate (about 100 000 rad/s) with a thickness of about 4/5th of the nozzle section. Then, a theoretical and experimental analysis of the flow outside the nozzle is carried out. In the theoretical section, the size of the biggest drops is successfully compared to results stemming from linear instability theory. However, it is also shown that this theory cannot explain the occurrence of small drops observed in the stability domain whose size are close to the Kolmogorov and Taylor turbulent length scale. A Phase Doppler Particle Analyser (PDPA) is used to characterize the droplet size and velocity distribution. Due to centrifugal force, the smaller droplets tend to prevail on the spray axis and a peak close to the Taylor length scale appears progressively in the PDF when increasing the distance from the nozzle. It is then assumed that these small droplets are the results of a turbulent cascading atomization process and that in the near nozzle area, since centrifugal segregation is small, PDF can therefore be fitted with a log-stable law (Rimbert and Séro-Guillaume, 2004). The value of the stability index is found to be 1.35 very close to a previous experimental result of 1.39 (Rimbert and Delconte, 2007) but far from a known theoretical value of 1.70 (Rimbert, 2010). This let think about a slightly different underlying process due to the helical nature of the turbulence.
研究动机与目标
- 理解全锥形压力涡流喷嘴内部流动动力学与雾化机理。
- 识别导致液滴形成的主要物理过程,特别是小液滴的起源。
- 将液滴尺寸分布的理论模型与相位多普勒粒子分析仪(PDA)的实验数据进行验证。
- 确定线性不稳定性理论还是湍流级联更能解释观测到的液滴尺寸分布。
- 评估对数稳定分布模型在近喷嘴区域液滴尺寸数据中的适用性。
提出的方法
- 结合CAD建模的计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟,用于分析内部流动结构并识别关键流动区域。
- 应用线性不稳定性理论预测喷雾中最大液滴的尺寸。
- 利用相位多普勒粒子分析仪(PDPA)测量不同距离喷嘴处的液滴尺寸与速度分布。
- 对湍流级联过程进行理论分析,以解释靠近柯尔莫哥洛夫和泰勒长度尺度的小液滴形成机制。
- 将液滴尺寸的概率密度函数(PDF)拟合至对数稳定分布,以确定稳定性指数。
- 将实验获得的稳定性指数(1.35)与先前实验值(1.39)和理论值(1.70)进行比较,以推断潜在的物理机制。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1全锥形压力涡流喷嘴内部的主导流动结构是什么?它们如何影响雾化过程?
- RQ2为何在稳定区域出现了尺寸接近泰勒长度尺度的小液滴,这与线性不稳定性理论的预测相悖?
- RQ3在多大程度上液滴尺寸分布可由对数稳定律描述?稳定性指数揭示了湍流的何种内在特征?
- RQ4湍流级联过程如何促进近喷嘴区域细小液滴的形成?
- RQ5为何实验测得的稳定性指数(1.35)显著低于理论值(1.70)?
主要发现
- 喷嘴内部存在两种不同的流动区域:流速较慢的边界层和以约100,000 rad/s高速旋转的内核,其厚度约为喷嘴截面的4/5。
- 线性不稳定性理论可成功预测最大液滴的尺寸,但无法解释靠近泰勒长度尺度的小液滴的存在。
- 相位多普勒粒子分析仪(PDPA)显示,较小液滴因离心分离效应在喷雾轴线附近聚集,且在泰勒长度尺度附近的概率密度函数(PDF)峰值随距喷嘴距离的增加而增强。
- 近喷嘴区域的液滴尺寸分布符合对数稳定分布律,稳定性指数为1.35,接近先前实验结果(1.39),但显著低于理论值(1.70)。
- 稳定性指数的差异表明存在不同的基本过程,可能源于旋流流中湍流的螺旋特性。
- 小液滴的形成归因于湍流级联机制,而非线性不稳定性,表明旋转与湍流在雾化过程中存在复杂的相互作用。
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