[论文解读] Lost Vibration Test Data Recovery Using Convolutional Neural Network: A Case Study
本文提出一种基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的方法,用于在结构健康监测(SHM)系统中恢复丢失的振动测试数据,通过利用完好传感器之间的相关性,预测故障传感器的缺失数据。该方法在准确率方面优于标准神经网络,且计算成本更低,添加卷积层后性能进一步提升。
Data loss in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) networks has recently become one of the main challenges for engineers. Therefore, a data recovery method for SHM, generally an expensive procedure, is essential. Lately, some techniques offered to recover this valuable raw data using Neural Network (NN) algorithms. Among them, the convolutional neural network (CNN) based on convolution, a mathematical operation, can be applied to non-image datasets such as signals to extract important features without human supervision. However, the effect of different parameters has not been studied and optimized for SHM applications. Therefore, this paper aims to propose different architectures and investigate the effects of different hyperparameters for one of the newest proposed methods, which is based on a CNN algorithm for the Alamosa Canyon Bridge as a real structure. For this purpose, three different CNN models were considered to predict one and two malfunctioned sensors by finding the correlation between other sensors, respectively. Then the CNN algorithm was trained by experimental data, and the results showed that the method had a reliable performance in predicting Alamosa Canyon Bridge's missed data. The accuracy of the model was increased by adding a convolutional layer. Also, a standard neural network with two hidden layers was trained with the same inputs and outputs of the CNN models. Based on the results, the CNN model had higher accuracy, lower computational cost, and was faster than the standard neural network.
研究动机与目标
- 应对结构健康监测(SHM)网络中日益严重的数据丢失问题,该问题会损害结构评估与维护。
- 利用机器学习技术,特别是卷积神经网络(CNN),开发一种用于昂贵SHM数据恢复的方法。
- 针对SHM应用优化CNN超参数与网络结构,重点聚焦于基于信号的数据恢复,而非图像处理。
- 对比CNN与标准前馈神经网络在重建缺失传感器数据方面的性能表现。
- 在阿拉莫萨峡谷大桥的实际实验数据上,验证基于CNN的数据恢复方法的可行性与有效性。
提出的方法
- 设计三种不同的CNN架构,利用功能传感器的相关信号,预测一个或两个故障传感器的数据。
- 使用从阿拉莫萨峡谷大桥实际采集的实验振动数据训练CNN模型。
- 应用卷积层从时间序列传感器数据中提取时间与空间特征,无需人工特征工程。
- 将标准的两隐藏层前馈神经网络作为性能对比的基线模型。
- 通过调整超参数(如卷积层数量、滤波器大小等)优化模型性能。
- 采用预测准确率与计算效率等指标评估模型性能。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1通过利用正常传感器之间的相关性,基于CNN的模型能否有效恢复SHM系统中的丢失振动数据?
- RQ2不同的CNN架构与超参数(如卷积层数量)如何影响数据恢复的准确率?
- RQ3在SHM数据恢复方面,CNN方法是否在预测准确率与计算效率上均优于传统前馈神经网络?
- RQ4增加卷积层在多大程度上提升了模型重建缺失传感器数据的能力?
- RQ5所提出的方法是否对桥梁等民用基础设施的真实SHM数据具有鲁棒性与泛化能力?
主要发现
- 基于CNN的方法在恢复丢失振动数据方面,相比标准的两隐藏层神经网络,取得了更高的预测准确率。
- 增加额外的卷积层显著提升了模型在重建缺失传感器信号方面的准确率。
- CNN模型在计算成本方面更低,且推理时间更短,优于标准神经网络。
- 该方法通过利用其他传感器之间的时空相关性,成功恢复了一个或两个故障传感器的数据。
- 结果证实,CNN非常适合用于SHM中的非图像信号数据,能够实现自动化的、低监督的特征提取。
- 该方法在实际民用基础设施监测中具备部署可行性,已在阿拉莫萨峡谷大桥的实验数据上得到验证。
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