[论文解读] Lung sound classification using local binary pattern
本文提出了一种基于梅尔频率倒谱系数(MFSCs)上局部二值模式(LBP)分析的新型肺部声音分类方法,用于从时频表示中提取纹理特征。该方法在准确率方面优于基于小波和MFCC的特征,准确率最高提升达24.5%,尤其在异常声音检测方面表现突出,其中巴塔查里亚核与kNN分类器表现最佳。
Lung sounds contain vital information about pulmonary pathology. In this paper, we use short-term spectral characteristics of lung sounds to recognize associated diseases. Motivated by the success of auditory perception based techniques in speech signal classification, we represent time-frequency information of lung sounds using mel-scale warped spectral coefficients, called here as mel-frequency spectral coefficients (MFSCs). Next, we employ local binary pattern analysis (LBP) to capture texture information of the MFSCs, and the feature vectors are subsequently derived using histogram representation. The proposed features are used with three well-known classifiers in this field: k-nearest neighbor (kNN), artificial neural network (ANN), and support vector machine (SVM). Also, the performance was tested with multiple SVM kernels. We conduct extensive performance evaluation experiments using two databases which include normal and adventitious sounds. Results show that the proposed features with SVM and also with kNN classifier outperform commonly used wavelet-based features as well as our previously investigated mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) based statistical features, specifically in abnormal sound detection. Proposed features also yield better results than morphological features and energy features computed from rational dilation wavelet coefficients. The Bhattacharyya kernel performs considerably better than other kernels. Further, we optimize the configuration of the proposed feature extraction algorithm. Finally, we have applied mRMR (minimum-redundancy maximum-relevancy) based feature selection method to remove redundancy in the feature vector which makes the proposed method computationally more efficient without any degradation in the performance. The overall performance gain is up to 24.5% as compared to the standard wavelet feature based system.
研究动机与目标
- 开发一种稳健的、非侵入性的自动化肺部声音分类机器学习方法。
- 解决人工听诊存在的局限性,如敏感性低和观察者间差异大。
- 通过具备纹理感知能力的特征,提升对异常肺部声音(尤其是喘息声和爆裂音)的检测能力。
- 通过特征选择,在不牺牲准确率的前提下降低计算成本。
- 在包含临床相关病理的现实世界数据库上验证所提方法的有效性。
提出的方法
- 使用梅尔频率倒谱系数(MFSCs)表示肺部声音信号,以建模感知相关的频谱能量分布。
- 在MFSCs的时频域中应用局部二值模式(LBP),以捕捉多个频带中的纹理模式。
- 通过计算每个频带中LBP模式的归一化直方图,构建特征向量。
- 采用k近邻(kNN)、人工神经网络(ANN)和支持向量机(SVM)分类器进行分类。
- 优化短时特征提取的窗长与重叠率,以提升分类稳定性。
- 应用mRMR(最小冗余最大相关性)特征选择方法,以降低维度,同时保持分类准确率。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1与传统的小波或MFCC特征相比,基于LBP的MFSC纹理特征是否能提升肺部声音分类的准确率?
- RQ2哪种分类器及核配置(如使用巴塔查里亚核的SVM)在肺部声音分类中表现最佳?
- RQ3短时分析中的窗长与重叠率如何影响特征提取与分类结果?
- RQ4哪些频带对区分正常与异常肺部声音贡献最大?
- RQ5基于mRMR的特征选择是否能在不降低分类性能的前提下减少计算负载?
主要发现
- 所提出的LBP-MFSC特征集在分类准确率上相比基于小波的特征最高提升24.5%,尤其在异常声音检测方面表现更优。
- SVM结合巴塔查里亚核以及kNN分类器均达到最高性能,其中kNN在异常声音检测中表现更优。
- 最优的短时特征提取采用比语音处理中通常使用的更长分析窗和更高重叠率。
- 通过mRMR进行特征选择显著减少了特征向量大小,在保持高准确率的同时提升了计算效率。
- 在数据库1中,系数10–12(及其邻近区域)的频带最具判别力;在数据库2中,频带11–12和3为关键贡献者。
- 低于200 Hz的低频带表现出较高的F比值判别力,但mRMR相关性较低,表明存在冗余,因此在整体特征性能中贡献较小。
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