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[论文解读] Magneto-active composites with locally tailored stiffness produced by laser powder bed fusion

Kilian Schäfer, Matthias Lutzi|TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)|May 4, 2023
Advanced Materials and Mechanics参考文献 64被引用 5
一句话总结

本研究提出一种单步激光粉末床熔融(LPBF)方法,通过在特定区域调节激光参数,实现磁活性复合材料的局部刚度调控。该方法可在热塑性聚氨酯与Nd-Fe-B磁性粉末复合材料中实现2至22 MPa的精确刚度控制,显著提升执行器性能,并实现具有定制机械性能的个性化支架设计。

ABSTRACT

Additive manufacturing technologies enable the production of complex and bioinspired shapes using magneto-responsive materials, which find diverse applications in soft robotics. Particularly, the development of composites with controlled gradients in mechanical properties offers new prospects for advancements in magneto-active materials. However, achieving such composites with gradients typically involves complex multi-material printing procedures. In this study, a single-step laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process is proposed that enables precise local adjustments of the mechanical stiffness within magneto-active composites. By utilizing distinct laser parameters in specific regions of a composite containing thermoplastic polyurethane and atomized magnetic powder derived from hard magnetic Nd-Fe-B, the stiffness of the composite can be modified within the range of 2 to 22 MPa. Various magneto-responsive actuators with locally tailored stiffness are fabricated and their magnetic performance is investigated. The enhanced response exhibited by actuators with locally adjusted mechanical properties in comparison to their homogeneous counterparts with identical geometries is shown. As a demonstration of a biomedical application, a magnetically responsive stent with localized adjustment is presented with the ability to meet specific requirements in terms of geometry and local stiffness based on an individual's anatomy and disease condition. The proposed method presents an approach for creating functionally graded materials using LPBF, not only for magneto-active materials but also for several other structural and functional materials.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发一种用于磁活性复合材料的单步增材制造工艺,实现机械刚度的空间可控性。
  • 通过仅调节激光参数而非多材料打印,克服多材料打印的复杂性,实现刚度梯度。
  • 展示在局部刚度定制的复合材料中,相较于均质对应物,磁致动性能得到显著提升。
  • 实现基于解剖和病理状况定制化几何形状与局部机械性能的个性化生物医学器件,如支架。

提出的方法

  • 采用激光粉末床熔融(LPBF)工艺处理热塑性聚氨酯与雾化Nd-Fe-B磁性粉末的复合材料。
  • 通过局部调节激光参数(如功率、扫描速度),调控熔池动力学与凝固行为,从而改变局部密度与微观结构。
  • 由此引起的材料密度和界面结合变化,导致零件不同区域的刚度梯度在2至22 MPa之间变化。
  • 采用有限元建模与机械测试相结合的方法,验证刚度分布,并建立其与激光加工参数的关联性。
  • 制备了功能型执行器与磁响应性支架,以验证其性能与生物相容性潜力。
  • 测量并比较了相同几何形状下,局部刚度定制版本与均质版本的磁致动响应。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1是否可通过仅使用单材料加工与激光参数调节的激光粉末床熔融工艺,实现具有空间变化刚度的磁活性复合材料?
  • RQ2局部激光参数的变化如何影响LPBF制造的磁性复合材料的机械刚度?
  • RQ3与均质对应物相比,局部刚度定制在多大程度上提升了软体机器人器件的磁致动性能?
  • RQ4该方法是否能够基于解剖与病理状况,实现具有定制化机械性能的个性化生物医学植入物?
  • RQ5在该单步LPBF方法中,此类复合材料的刚度调控范围与精度可达何种程度?

主要发现

  • LPBF工艺实现了复合材料内部的精确局部刚度调控,通过调节激光参数,刚度范围达到2至22 MPa。
  • 具有局部刚度定制的执行器相较于几何形状相同的均质对应物,表现出显著增强的磁响应性能。
  • 该刚度梯度的实现无需多材料打印,仅依赖单一材料体系中的工艺参数调节。
  • 成功制备了一款具备局部刚度调节功能的磁响应性支架,展示了其在个性化医疗器件中的应用潜力。
  • 该方法可在单道制造步骤中实现功能梯度材料的构建,其应用前景超越磁活性系统。
  • 结果证实,通过激光加工诱导的微观结构与密度变化可被有效利用,以实现机械性能的精确调控。

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