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[论文解读] Magnetostriction in elastomers with mixtures of magnetically hard and soft microparticles: effects of non-linear magnetization and matrix rigidity

О. В. Столбов, Pedro A. Sánchez|arXiv (Cornell University)|Oct 7, 2020
Vibration Control and Rheological Fluids参考文献 87被引用 2
一句话总结

本研究通过分子动力学模拟与连续体磁致机械建模,探究了混合磁性软硬微颗粒弹性体中的磁致伸缩行为。结果表明,外磁场强度的变化可诱导出非平凡的回缩轴向变形(伸长-扁平-伸长),其机理由软颗粒的非线性磁化与基体刚度共同驱动,为可调谐智能材料的设计提供了理论依据。

ABSTRACT

In this contribution a magnetoactive elastomer (MAE) of mixed content, i.e., a polymer matrix filled with a mixture of magnetically soft and magnetically hard spherical particles, is considered. The object we focus at is an elementary unit of this composite, for which we take a set consisting of a permanent spherical micromagnet surrounded by an elastomer layer filled with magnetically soft microparticles. We present a comparative treatment of this unit from two essentially different viewpoints. The first one is a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation model, which presents the composite as a bead-spring assembly and is able to deliver information of all the microstructural changes of the assembly. The second approach is entirely based on the continuum magnetomechanical description of the system, whose direct yield is the macroscopic field-induced response of the MAE to external field, as this model ignores all the microstructural details of the magnetization process. We find that, differing in certain details, both frameworks are coherent in predicting that a unit comprising magnetically soft and hard particles may display a non-trivial re-entrant (prolate/oblate/prolate) axial deformation under variation of the applied field strength. The flexibility of the proposed combination of the two complementary frameworks enables us to look deeper into the manifestation of the magnetic response: with respect to the magnetically soft particles, we compare the linear regime of magnetization to that with saturation, which we describe by the Fr\"{o}hlich-Kennelly approximation; with respect to the polymer matrix, we analyze the dependence of the re-rentrant deformation on its rigidity.

研究动机与目标

  • 理解含有磁性软硬微颗粒混合物的弹性体的宏观磁致伸缩响应。
  • 探究软颗粒中的非线性磁化行为以及基体刚度对磁活性弹性体(MAEs)变形行为的影响。
  • 对比分子动力学模拟与连续体磁致机械建模,以验证并深化对微观结构与宏观响应的理解。
  • 识别在外部磁场作用下MAE单元发生回缩轴向变形(伸长–扁平–伸长)的条件。
  • 为设计具有定制化、可逆形变行为的MAE提供理论框架,适用于软体机器人与可调谐器件。

提出的方法

  • 采用粗粒化的珠-弹簧分子动力学(MD)模型,模拟由永磁微颗粒被弹性体基体包围、且基体中填充软磁微颗粒的复合单元的微观结构演化。
  • 应用连续体磁致机械模型,将磁力视为机械载荷,从而在不追踪微观细节的前提下计算宏观磁场诱导的变形。
  • 采用Fröhlich-Kennelly近似来模拟软颗粒磁化饱和行为,捕捉线性响应之外的非线性磁性行为。
  • 改变弹性体基体的剪切模量,以评估其对外部磁场下回缩变形轮廓的影响。
  • 对比MD模拟与连续体建模的结果,确保跨尺度预测的一致性与预测的可靠性。
  • 分析轴向变形响应随外加磁场强度的变化,以识别非单调(回缩)行为。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在聚合物基体中引入磁性软硬微颗粒,如何影响复合材料的磁致伸缩响应?
  • RQ2软颗粒的非线性磁化行为——特别是磁化饱和效应——在诱导复杂变形模式中起到何种作用?
  • RQ3弹性体基体的刚度如何影响回缩轴向变形的发生及其特征?
  • RQ4分子动力学模拟与连续体建模在预测同一MAE单元行为时,其一致性程度如何?
  • RQ5结合微观尺度模拟与宏观尺度连续体建模,能否揭示非平凡且可逆的形变行为,如伸长–扁平–伸长的转变?

主要发现

  • 在变化的磁场强度下,该系统表现出非平凡的回缩轴向变形(伸长–扁平–伸长),表明其具有复杂且非单调的形变响应。
  • 分子动力学模拟与连续体建模均预测到相同的回缩行为,证实该效应在不同建模尺度下具有鲁棒性。
  • 通过Fröhlich-Kennelly近似建模的软颗粒非线性磁化行为在实现回缩变形中起关键作用,尤其在接近磁化饱和区域。
  • 弹性体基体的刚度显著调节变形轮廓,刚度较高的基体可抑制或改变回缩形变转变。
  • 软硬颗粒的协同作用实现了可逆、磁场可调的形变响应,表明其在人工肌肉与软致动器中具有应用潜力。
  • 本研究表明,磁性颗粒相互作用与基体弹性的协同作用可产生单组分MAEs中不存在的涌现机械行为。

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