[论文解读] MASSIV: Mass Assembly Survey with SINFONI in VVDS - II. Kinematics and close environment classification
本研究利用SINFONI/VLT积分场光谱法对50个高红移星系(0.9 < z < 1.6)进行分析,以分类其动力学状态与邻近环境。结果表明,约44%的星系为旋转主导型,约35%为非旋转型,且至少29%存在相互作用或近距离伴星,表明在z ~ 1–1.5的演化阶段,星系质量聚集主要由并合主导,而非冷气体吸积。
(Abridged) Processes driving mass assembly are expected to evolve on different timescales along cosmic time. A transition might happen around z ~ 1 as the cosmic star formation rate starts its decrease. Identifying the dynamical nature of galaxies on a representative sample is necessary to infer and compare the mass assembly mechanisms across cosmic time. We present an analysis of the kinematics properties of 50 galaxies with 0.9 < z < 1.6 from the MASSIV sample observed with SINFONI/VLT with 4.5x10^9 Msun < M < 1.7x10^11 Msun and 6 Msun/yr < SFR < 300 Msun/yr. This is the largest sample with 2D-kinematics in this redshift range. We provide a classification based on kinematics as well as on close galaxy environment. We find that 29% of galaxies are experiencing merging or have close companions that may be gravitationally linked. This is placing a lower limit on the fraction of interacting galaxies. We find that at least 44% of the galaxies display ordered rotation whereas at least 35% are non-rotating objects. All rotators except one are compatible with rotation-dominated (Vmax/sigma > 1) systems. Non-rotating objects are mainly small objects (Re < 4 kpc). Combining our sample with other 3D-spectroscopy samples, we find that the local velocity dispersion of the ionized gas component decreases continuously from z ~ 3 to z = 0. The proportion of disks also seems to be increasing in star-forming galaxies when the redshift decreases. The number of interacting galaxies seems to be at a maximum at z ~ 1.2. These results draw a picture in which cold gas accretion may still be efficient at z ~ 1.2 but in which mergers may play a much more significant role at z ~ 1.2 than at higher redshift. From a dynamical point of view, the redshift range 1 < z < 2 therefore appears as a transition period in the galaxy mass assembly process.
研究动机与目标
- 通过分析其二维动力学状态,理解z ~ 1时星暴星系的动力学状态。
- 基于动力学特性(旋转 vs. 非旋转)与近距离环境(相互作用或孤立)对星系进行分类。
- 研究宇宙时空中质量聚集机制的演化,特别是z ~ 1附近的演化过程。
- 确定非旋转星系是否为瞬态并合、不稳定的气态系统或球状星系。
- 将盘状星系与相互作用系统的比例与其他高红移三维光谱观测样本进行比较,以识别星系演化的趋势。
提出的方法
- 获取了红移范围在0.9 < z < 1.6之间的50个星系的深空SINFONI/VLT积分场光谱数据。
- 从数据立方体生成动力学图,以推导速度场与速度 dispersion 图。
- 基于形态与动力学位置角的一致性以及旋转盘模型拟合质量,对星系进行分类。
- 通过动力学特征(如潮汐结构、不对称速度场)及宽波段图像中的近距离伴星,识别相互作用系统。
- 将MASSIV样本与其他三维光谱巡天(SINS、LSD/AMAZE、IMAGES、GHASP)结合,比较不同红移下的速度 dispersion 与盘状星系分数。
- 使用Vmax/σ比值评估旋转支持,将Vmax/σ > 1的系统定义为旋转主导型。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1在z ~ 1的高红移星系中,有多少比例表现出有序旋转,又有多少比例为非旋转动力学状态?
- RQ2在该红移范围内,相互作用或拥有伴星的星系频率如何变化?
- RQ3非旋转星系中,星系大小、速度 dispersion 与动力学状态之间存在何种关系?
- RQ4从z ~ 3到z ~ 0,盘状星系的比例如何演化?并合活动的峰值出现在何时?
- RQ5动力学特性在多大程度上表明在z ~ 1–1.5时,星系质量聚集机制从冷气体吸积向并合主导转变?
主要发现
- 样本中44%的星系被分类为旋转主导型,其Vmax/σ > 1,表明具有显著的旋转支持。
- 35%的星系未表现出主导的有序旋转,其速度 dispersion 约为60 km s⁻¹,与高红移星系相似,但低于z ~ 3时的水平。
- 至少29%的星系处于相互作用状态或拥有近距离伴星,表明在z ~ 1.2时并合分数的下限。
- 非旋转星系普遍尺寸较小(Re < 4 kpc),且表现出速度 dispersion 与有效半径之间的负相关性。
- 电离气体的局部速度 dispersion 从z ~ 3到z = 0持续下降,表明湍流程度呈缓慢衰减。
- 盘状星系的比例随红移降低而增加,而相互作用星系的比例在z ~ 1.2时达到峰值,表明质量聚集机制在此时发生转变。
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