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[论文解读] Mathematical modeling of physical capital using the spatial Solow model

Gilberto González‐Parra, Benito M. Chen‐Charpentier|arXiv (Cornell University)|Apr 16, 2015
Economic theories and models被引用 1
一句话总结

本文通过引入带有诺伊曼边界条件的抛物型偏微分方程,将经典的索洛增长模型扩展为考虑走私导致的跨国资本扩散。使用显式有限差分格式的数值模拟表明,由价格差异和补贴驱动的资本跨境流动会减少中心区域的资本存量,并阻碍长期经济增长,尤其在高折旧率下更为显著。

ABSTRACT

This research deals with the mathematical modeling of the physical capital diffusion through the borders of the countries. The physical capital is considered an important variable for the economic growth of a country. Here we use an extension of the economic Solow model to describe how the smuggling affects the economic growth of the countries. In this study we rely on a production function that is non-concave instead of the classical Cobb-Douglas production function. In order to model the physical capital diffusion through the borders of the country, we developed a model based on a parabolic partial differential equation that describes the dynamics of physical capital and boundary conditions of Neumann type. Smuggling is present in many borders between countries and may include fuel, machinery and food. This smuggling through the borders is a problematic issue for the country's economies. The smuggling problem usually is related mainly to a non-official exchange rate that is different than the official rate or subsides. Numerical simulations are obtained using an explicit finite difference scheme that shows how the physical capital diffusion through the border of the countries. The study of physical capital is a paramount issue for the economic growth of many countries for the next years. The results show that the dynamics of the physical capital when boundary conditions of Neumann type are different than zero differ from the classical economic behavior observed in the classical spatial Solow model without physical capital flux through the borders of countries. Finally, it can be concluded that avoiding the smuggling through the frontiers is an important factor that affects the economic growth of the countries.

研究动机与目标

  • 建模由于走私导致的跨国物理资本空间扩散。
  • 分析由价格差异和补贴驱动的走私如何影响国家经济增长。
  • 利用非凹生产函数和带有诺伊曼边界条件的抛物型偏微分方程,构建数学框架。
  • 通过数值模拟评估资本流动对长期经济表现的影响。
  • 通过量化走私对资本分配与增长的影响,为经济政策提供依据。

提出的方法

  • 使用抛物型偏微分方程描述物理资本动态,构建空间索洛模型。
  • 应用诺伊曼型边界条件以表示资本在边界的流动,流动速率取决于资本水平。
  • 采用非凹生产函数而非经典柯布-道格拉斯函数,以反映现实中的非线性特征。
  • 使用显式有限差分格式进行数值求解,稳定性条件为 ∆t/∆x² ≤ 1/2。
  • 将时变技术进步率和折旧率纳入模型。
  • 利用中心差分法推导边界近似,以处理区域边界处的流动条件。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在空间索洛模型中,跨国资本扩散如何影响长期经济增长?
  • RQ2走私引发的资本流动对物理资本的空间分布有何影响?
  • RQ3在存在边境资本流动的情况下,不同折旧率如何影响资本动态?
  • RQ4初始资本分布与诺伊曼边界条件如何共同影响长期资本格局?
  • RQ5与经典柯布-道格拉斯模型相比,非凹生产函数在多大程度上改变了模型结果?

主要发现

  • 由于通过边境向外流动,中心区域的物理资本始终高于边境区域。
  • 当诺伊曼边界条件非零(表示存在资本流动)时,资本动态显著偏离经典索洛模型的行为。
  • 在高折旧率(δ = 0.05)下,资本下降速度比低折旧率(δ = 0.005)更慢,表明存在阻尼效应。
  • 边境资本流动的存在增加了对低折旧率和高技术进步率的需求,以维持经济增长。
  • 初始资本分布与边界流动条件共同影响长期资本分布,与经典模型中均匀收敛的结论相矛盾。
  • 燃料、食品和药品等补贴商品的走私显著削弱了国家经济增长,通过边界漏洞持续抽离物理资本。

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