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[论文解读] Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.20 ppm

D. P. Aguillard, T. Albahri|arXiv (Cornell University)|Aug 11, 2023
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies被引用 14
一句话总结

费米实验室 Muon g-2 协作组利用2019–2020数据对正μ子异常磁矩 a_mu 进行了新的测量,达到 0.20 ppm 的精度并更新了世界平均值。

ABSTRACT

We present a new measurement of the positive muon magnetic anomaly, $a_μ\equiv (g_μ- 2)/2$, from the Fermilab Muon $g\!-\!2$ Experiment using data collected in 2019 and 2020. We have analyzed more than 4 times the number of positrons from muon decay than in our previous result from 2018 data. The systematic error is reduced by more than a factor of 2 due to better running conditions, a more stable beam, and improved knowledge of the magnetic field weighted by the muon distribution, $ ildeω'^{}_p$, and of the anomalous precession frequency corrected for beam dynamics effects, $ω_a$. From the ratio $ω_a / ildeω'^{}_p$, together with precisely determined external parameters, we determine $a_μ= 116\,592\,057(25) imes 10^{-11}$ (0.21 ppm). Combining this result with our previous result from the 2018 data, we obtain $a_μ ext{(FNAL)} = 116\,592\,055(24) imes 10^{-11}$ (0.20 ppm). The new experimental world average is $a_μ( ext{Exp}) = 116\,592\,059(22) imes 10^{-11}$ (0.19 ppm), which represents a factor of 2 improvement in precision.

研究动机与目标

  • 通过 μ子磁矩异常 a_mu 激发对标准模型的高精度检验。
  • 提高对 μ子自旋前进和磁场映射的实验控制,以降低系统误差。
  • 结合多种分析和盲法方案,利用 omega_a 与 omega_p' 的测量稳健地提取 a_mu。
  • 给出带有更小不确定性的更新实验值 a_mu,并与标准模型预测进行比较。

提出的方法

  • 从卡洛里计探测器中随时间变化的正电子信号测量异常前进频率 omega_a。
  • 使用 NMR 滑车探头对磁场进行映射并进行校准,以获得 tilde(omega_p') 乘权于 μon 分布的权重。
  • 通过外部常数(mu_p'、mu_e、m_mu/m_e、g_e/2)由比率 R_mu' = omega_a / tilde(omega_p') 计算 a_mu。
  • 应用束流动力学校正(C_e、C_p、C_pa、C_dd、C_ml)和场瞬变校正(B_k、B_q),以获得真实的 omega_a 和 tilde(omega_p')。
  • 在 Run-2/3 与 Run-1 之间结合独立分析与盲法方案,验证一致性与系统误差。
Figure 1: Fourier transform of the residuals from a fit following Eq. 3 excluding $\eta_{N}$ , $\eta_{A}$ , and $\eta_{\phi}$ (red dashed line), and from the full fit (black line). The peaks correspond to the missing betatron frequencies and muon losses. Data are from the Run-3a data set. Inset: cor
Figure 1: Fourier transform of the residuals from a fit following Eq. 3 excluding $\eta_{N}$ , $\eta_{A}$ , and $\eta_{\phi}$ (red dashed line), and from the full fit (black line). The peaks correspond to the missing betatron frequencies and muon losses. Data are from the Run-3a data set. Inset: cor

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1给定 Run-2/3 数据,正μ子异常磁矩 a_mu 的精确数值是多少?
  • RQ2束流动力学和磁场系统误差校正如何影响从 omega_a 与 tilde(omega_p') 提取 a_mu?
  • RQ3Run-2/3 结果是否与早期的 Run-1 测量及标准模型预测一致?
  • RQ4包括 BN L 和 FNAL 结果在内的 a_mu 的综合实验世界平均值是多少,主不确定性来源是什么?

主要发现

  • a_mu(FNAL) = 116592055(24) × 10^-11 (0.20 ppm) 来自 Run-2/3 数据并结合 Run-1 调整。
  • 新的实验世界平均值为 a_mu(exp) = 116592059(22) × 10^-11 (0.19 ppm)。
  • Run-2/3 的 omega_a 的统计不确定性为 201 ppb,系统不确定性为 25 ppb。
  • R_mu' 相关的总不确定性 622 ppb 已降低,使精度比先前结果提高两倍。
  • 与 Run-1 相比,Run-2/3 检测到的正电子数量增加了四倍,系统不确定性降低了超过两倍。
  • 在相关不确定性范围内,Run-2/3 与调整后的 Run-1 值之间存在一致性。
Figure 2: Azimuthally averaged magnetic field contours overlaid on the time- and azimuthally averaged muon distribution for the Run-3b data set. The field is more uniform, and the increased kicker strength moves the beam closer to the center than in Run-1.
Figure 2: Azimuthally averaged magnetic field contours overlaid on the time- and azimuthally averaged muon distribution for the Run-3b data set. The field is more uniform, and the increased kicker strength moves the beam closer to the center than in Run-1.

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