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[论文解读] Mechanical properties of drying plant roots: Evolution of the longitudinal Young's modulus of chick-pea roots with dessication

Christopher Vautrin, Pascal Kurowski|arXiv (Cornell University)|Apr 24, 2018
Tree Root and Stability Studies参考文献 44被引用 3
一句话总结

本研究通过测量干燥过程中非木质化鹰嘴豆根的纵向杨氏模量,调查了水分流失对其机械刚度的影响。在空气中干燥的根中,杨氏模量最高增加了35倍,其变化与横截面积呈幂律关系,而等渗对照组则无变化,表明水分含量是这些植物组织机械性能演变的主要驱动因素。

ABSTRACT

Mechanical characterizations of plant roots are of primary importance in geophysics and engineering science for implementing mechanical models for the stability of root reinforced-soils, as well as in agronomy and soil science for understanding the penetration of roots in soils and optimizing crop. Yet the mechanical properties of plant roots depend on their water content, which can drastically evolve with drying or flooding of the external soil. The present work deals with the determination of the longitudinal Young's modulus of single non-lignified plant roots, chick-peas (Cicer arietinum L.), tested in compression along their root axis for different external environments: in controlled conditions of natural drying in air or in a osmotic solution of mannitol at the isotonic concentration where no water exchange occurs between the root and the external solution. We submitted the chick-pea radicles to successive mechanical compression cycles separated by rest periods to follow the time evolution of the root mechanical properties in drying and non-drying environments. Control experiments on non-drying roots placed in isotonic osmotic solutions showed no evolution of the root's Young's modulus whose value was around 2 MPa. On the contrary, the experiments performed in air exhibited a dramatic increase of the root's Young's modulus with the drying time, sometimes by a factor of 35. Moreover, the Young's modulus in these cases was observed to scale as a decaying power-law with the root's cross section measured at diffrent times of drying. We interpreted our results in the framework of the mechanics of cellular foams.

研究动机与目标

  • 量化干燥植物根系(特别是鹰嘴豆下胚轴)机械性能的演变。
  • 通过比较在空气中干燥与在等渗渗透溶液中处理,分离水分含量对根系刚度的影响。
  • 确定杨氏模量的变化是否由脱水引起,而非其他环境因素。
  • 通过将水分含量与刚度关联,建立土壤中根系增强的机械模型。
  • 探讨细胞泡沫力学理论在解释观察到的机械行为中的适用性。

提出的方法

  • 在根的纵向轴向上进行单轴压缩测试,于干燥过程中的多个时间点进行测量。
  • 实验在两种环境中进行:环境空气(干燥)和等渗甘露醇溶液(非干燥对照)。
  • 施加连续的压缩循环并设置休息时间,以监测时间相关的机械性能演变。
  • 在不同干燥阶段测量根的横截面积,以与机械性能相关联。
  • 根据压缩测试中获得的应力-应变曲线计算杨氏模量。
  • 理论解释基于细胞泡沫力学框架,以解释观察到的尺度行为。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1非木质化鹰嘴豆根在自然干燥(空气中)过程中,其纵向杨氏模量如何演变?
  • RQ2当根系被置于无水分交换的等渗环境中时,其杨氏模量是否保持稳定?
  • RQ3在脱水过程中,根系刚度与横截面积之间是否存在定量关系?
  • RQ4干燥根系的机械行为是否可用细胞泡沫力学模型加以解释?
  • RQ5水分流失在植物根系中引起的强化效应有多大?

主要发现

  • 鹰嘴豆根的杨氏模量在空气中干燥过程中最高增加了35倍,表明脱水导致显著的刚度增强。
  • 在等渗甘露醇溶液中,杨氏模量保持在约2 MPa的恒定水平,证实空气中干燥根系的机械变化完全由水分流失引起。
  • 在干燥过程中,杨氏模量随根系横截面积呈衰减幂律关系变化,表明存在结构性的尺度关系。
  • 在等渗条件下无机械性能变化,排除了时间依赖性或老化效应,将水分含量确定为关键变量。
  • 观察到的刚度增强行为与细胞泡沫力学一致,支持了根系机械行为的理论框架。

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