[论文解读] Mechanistic forecasts of species responses to climate change: the promise of biophysical ecology
本文主张在全球变化生物学中更广泛地应用生物物理模型,以提升对物种应对气候变化的机制性预测能力。通过在精细的时空尺度上整合生物体生理、行为与环境的相互作用,这些模型可预测生存、分布、物候和种群数量的变化,为在新型气候条件下提供稳健的、基于过程的气候影响洞察。
A challenge in global change biology is to predict how species will respond to future environmental change and to manage these responses. To make such predictions and management actions robust to novel futures, we need to accurately characterize how organisms experience their environments and the biological mechanisms by which they respond. All organisms are thermodynamically connected to their environments through the exchange of heat and water at fine spatial and temporal scales and this exchange can be captured with biophysical models. Although mechanistic models based on biophysical ecology have a long history of development and application, their use in global change biology remains limited despite their enormous promise and increasingly accessible software. We contend that greater understanding and training in the theory and methods of biophysical models is vital to expand their application. Our review shows how biophysical models can be implemented to understand and predict climate change impacts on species' behavior, phenology, survival, distribution, and abundance. We illustrate the types of outputs that can be generated, and the data inputs required for different implementations. Examples range from simple calculations of body temperature to more complex analyses of species' distribution limits based on projected energy and water balances, accounting for behavior and phenology. We outline challenges that currently limit the widespread application of biophysical models. We discuss progress and future developments that could allow these models to be applied to many species across large spatial extents and timeframes. We highlight how biophysical models are uniquely suited to solve global change biology problems that involve predicting and interpreting responses to environmental variability and extremes, multiple or shifting constraints, and novel abiotic or biotic environments.
研究动机与目标
- 解决对物种对气候变化响应进行准确、基于过程预测的迫切需求。
- 通过整合生理和行为机制,克服相关模型的局限性。
- 通过改进培训和提升软件可及性,推动生物物理模型的广泛应用。
- 实现在新型气候情景下的稳健预测,包括极端事件和环境约束的变化。
- 整合能量与水分平衡动态,结合行为和物候响应,以提升生态预测能力。
提出的方法
- 使用生物物理模型,在精细的空间和时间尺度上模拟生物体与其环境之间的热量和水分交换。
- 整合生物体生理、行为和微气候数据,以预测体温及能量/水分收支。
- 应用能量与水分平衡模型,估算在当前和未来气候条件下,生物体的生存阈值和分布界限。
- 通过基于温度和湿度信号建模生活史事件的时间,纳入物候变化。
- 利用日益可及的软件平台,实现模型在不同物种和大空间范围内的扩展应用。
- 结合形态学、热耐受性及行为的实证数据,与环境强迫变量(如气温、辐射、湿度)相集成。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1与相关性方法相比,生物物理模型在预测物种对气候变化响应方面有何改进?
- RQ2在气候变化背景下,决定物种热耐受性和水分耐受性的关键生理和行为机制是什么?
- RQ3如何利用能量与水分平衡模型预测在未来气候情景下物种的分布界限和持续存在性?
- RQ4生物物理模型在预测物种响应时,可通过何种方式考虑环境极端事件和多重压力源?
- RQ5为实现生物物理模型在多样化分类群以及大空间和时间尺度上的扩展,需要哪些数据输入和模型结构?
主要发现
- 生物物理模型通过在精细时空尺度上模拟生物体与环境的相互作用,为预测物种响应提供了机制性基础。
- 这些模型能够准确预测体温、能量平衡和水分通量,从而支持对生存和表现阈值的预测。
- 在生物物理模型中整合行为和物候显著提升了对物种分布界限和分布区变化的预测能力。
- 这些模型在预测新型或极端环境条件下的响应方面具有独特优势,包括气候变率和气候变化。
- 尽管前景广阔,但其广泛应用仍受限于培训不足和方法学专业能力欠缺,凸显了加强教育和提升工具可及性的必要性。
- 软件进步和数据整合的进展,现已使生物物理模型能够实现跨物种、大空间和时间尺度的可扩展应用。
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