[论文解读] Microbiomes and pathogen survival in crop residues, an ecotone between plant and soil

Lydie Kerdraon, Valérie Laval+1 more|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 6, 2019

Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics参考文献 117被引用 90

一句话总结

一篇综述，将残留物微生物组与残留传播的真菌病原体的生存联系起来，为谷物系统中的微生物信息病害管理提供依据。

ABSTRACT

This review focuses on microbiomes associated with residues within the context of other microbial habitats in cereal-producing agroecosystems such as phyllosphere or rhizosphere. We connect residue microbiome with the survival of residue-borne fungal plant pathogens, thus combining knowledge in microbial ecology and epidemiology, two disciplines still not sufficiently connected. We provide an overview of the impact of residues on cereal disease epidemics and how dynamic interactions between microbial communities of non-buried residues during their degradation, along with soil and multitude of abiotic factors, can contribute to innovative disease management strategies, including next-generation microbiome-based biocontrol strategies. Starting from the classical but still relevant view of crop residues as a source of pathogen inoculum, we first consider possibilities for limiting the amount of residues on the soil surface to reduce the pathogen pressure. We then describe residues as a transient half-plant/half-soil compartment constituting a key fully fledged microbial ecosystem: in other words, an ecotone which deserves special attention. We focus on microbial communities, the changes in these communities over time and the factors influencing them. Finally, we discuss how the interactions between the microbial communities and the pathogens present on residues could be used: identification of keystone taxa and beneficial assemblages, then preservation of these taxa by adapted agronomic practices or development of synthetic communities, rather than the introduction of a single exogenous biocontrol species designed as a 'treatment product'.

研究动机与目标

• 综合残留物相关微生物群如何影响病原体生存和谷物病害流行。
• 将残留物微生物学与更广泛的微生物栖息地（叶面群、根际等）及流行病学联系起来。
• 识别关键分类群和微生物群落组合，以支持生物防控策略。
• 讨论有助于保护有益残留物微生物群的农艺实践，以减轻疾病压力。

提出的方法

• 跨微生物生态学与植物病理学视角的文献综合。
• 描述残留物作为一个短暂、半植物/半土壤的生态边界的概念框架。
• 评估随时间变化影响残留物微生物群的因素，包括非生物影响和退化动力学。
• 讨论残留物微生物与病原体相互作用如何引导超越单一生物防控剂的生物防控策略。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 作物残留物中的微生物群在降解过程中如何变化，以及哪些因素塑造这些动态？
• RQ2 残留物相关微生物组与残留传播的真菌病原体的生存或抑制之间的关系是怎样的？
• RQ3 识别关键分类群和有益群落组合是否能为谷物中可持续的微生物组基础病害管理提供信息？
• RQ4 哪些农艺实践最能保持有益的残留物微生物群以降低病原体压力？

主要发现

• 残留物微生物组与土壤及非生物因素相互作用，在残留物降解过程中影响病原体生存。
• 残留物作为一个独特的生态边界，具有将植物与土壤栖息地分离的独特微生物动力学。
• 理解残留物中的微生物相互作用可能使开发合成群落或保护关键分类群以实现生物防控成为可能。
• 从单一生物防控剂向基于生态系统的策略转变，可能改善病害管理。
• 该综述强调将微生物组知识整合到创新、可持续的谷物病害防控中的潜力。