[论文解读] Microscopic Pedestrian Flow Characteristics: Development of an Image Processing Data Collection and Simulation Model

Kardi Teknomo|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 6, 2016

Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics参考文献 25被引用 170

一句话总结

本文开发了用于微观行人数据采集的图像处理方法，并建立了基于物理原理的仿真模型，对其进行了与现实世界速度分布的验证，并探索了政策情景。

ABSTRACT

Microscopic pedestrian studies consider detailed interaction of pedestrians to control their movement in pedestrian traffic flow. The tools to collect the microscopic data and to analyze microscopic pedestrian flow are still very much in its infancy. The microscopic pedestrian flow characteristics need to be understood. Manual, semi manual and automatic image processing data collection systems were developed. It was found that the microscopic speed resemble a normal distribution with a mean of 1.38 m/second and standard deviation of 0.37 m/second. The acceleration distribution also bear a resemblance to the normal distribution with an average of 0.68 m/ square second. A physical based microscopic pedestrian simulation model was also developed. Both Microscopic Video Data Collection and Microscopic Pedestrian Simulation Model generate a database called NTXY database. The formulations of the flow performance or microscopic pedestrian characteristics are explained. Sensitivity of the simulation and relationship between the flow performances are described. Validation of the simulation using real world data is then explained through the comparison between average instantaneous speed distributions of the real world data with the result of the simulations. The simulation model is then applied for some experiments on a hypothetical situation to gain more understanding of pedestrian behavior in one way and two way situations, to know the behavior of the system if the number of elderly pedestrian increases and to evaluate a policy of lane-like segregation toward pedestrian crossing and inspects the performance of the crossing. It was revealed that the microscopic pedestrian studies have been successfully applied to give more understanding to the behavior of microscopic pedestrians flow, predict the theoretical and practical situation and evaluate some design policies before its implementation.

研究动机与目标

• 理解微观行人流特性及其相互作用。
• 开发手动、半自动和自动图像处理数据采集系统。
• 创建基于物理原理的微观行人仿真模型。
• 生成一个用于数据与仿真的 NTXY 数据库链接。
• 将仿真结果与现实世界的速度分布进行对比验证，并探索政策情景。

提出的方法

• 开发了手动、半自动和自动图像处理数据采集系统。
• 从收集的数据中推导出速度和加速度的统计分布（平均速度 1.38 m/s，标准差 0.37 m/s；平均加速度 0.68 m/s^2）。
• 构建了符合物理原理的微观行人仿真模型。
• 从视频数据采集和仿真输出生成 NTXY 数据库。
• 通过比较真实数据和仿真之间的平均瞬时速度分布来实现验证。
• 将该模型应用于假设的一条道单向和双向流，以及如准车道式分离等政策情景。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 微观行人速度和加速度的特征分布是什么？
• RQ2 如何使用图像处理系统来收集可靠的微观行人数据？
• RQ3 基于物理原理的微观行人仿真模型能否再现观测到的速度分布和流动行为？
• RQ4 行人构成的变化（例如更多老年行人）或政策干预如何影响流动性能？
• RQ5 可以通过该模型评估哪些过街设计政策以改善行人流？

主要发现

• 微观速度遵循接近正态分布的分布，均值为 1.38 m/s，SD 0.37 m/s。
• 微观加速度分布类似正态分布，均值为 0.68 m/s^2。
• NTXY 数据库由数据采集和仿真输出共同创建。
• 验证结果显示仿真得到的平均瞬时速度分布与真实世界数据一致。
• 该模型使对单向与双向流以及如准车道式分离等政策情景的过街性能分析成为可能。
• 该方法表明微观研究能够为行人流的理解、预测与政策评估提供信息。