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[论文解读] MIMO Broadcasting for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer

Rui Zhang, Chin Keong Ho|arXiv (Cornell University)|May 25, 2011
Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks参考文献 17被引用 18
一句话总结

本文研究了MIMO广播系统中同时无线信息与能量传输(SWIPT)的传输策略,提出最优波束成形方案以在不同接收机配置下最大化频谱效率与能量采集性能。研究发现,当发射峰值功率低于由信道特征值决定的关键阈值时,时隙切换与功率分配方案在速率-能量权衡上与最优均匀功率分配方案表现一致。

ABSTRACT

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a promising new solution to provide convenient and perpetual energy supplies to wireless networks. In practice, WPT is implementable by various technologies such as inductive coupling, magnetic resonate coupling, and electromagnetic (EM) radiation, for short-/mid-/long-range applications, respectively. In this paper, we consider the EM or radio signal enabled WPT in particular. Since radio signals can carry energy as well as information at the same time, a unified study on simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) is pursued. Specifically, this paper studies a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless broadcast system consisting of three nodes, where one receiver harvests energy and another receiver decodes information separately from the signals sent by a common transmitter, and all the transmitter and receivers may be equipped with multiple antennas. Two scenarios are examined, in which the information receiver and energy receiver are separated and see different MIMO channels from the transmitter, or co-located and see the identical MIMO channel from the transmitter. For the case of separated receivers, we derive the optimal transmission strategy to achieve different tradeoffs for maximal information rate versus energy transfer, which are characterized by the boundary of a so-called rate-energy (R-E) region. For the case of co-located receivers, we show an outer bound for the achievable R-E region due to the potential limitation that practical energy harvesting receivers are not yet able to decode information directly. Under this constraint, we investigate two practical designs for the co-located receiver case, namely time switching and power splitting, and characterize their achievable R-E regions in comparison to the outer bound.

研究动机与目标

  • 为解决能量受限的无线网络挑战,特别是在传感器与物联网应用中的问题。
  • 探索在MIMO广播信道中同时无线信息与能量传输(SWIPT)的可行性与性能极限。
  • 表征在信息与能量接收机分离或共址配置下的速率-能量(R-E)区域特性。
  • 将实际的SWIPT策略(时隙切换与功率分配)与理论外边界及最优方案进行比较。
  • 识别实际方案与最优均匀功率分配方案实现相同R-E权衡的条件。

提出的方法

  • 提出一种MIMO广播模型,包含单个发射机、一个信息接收机与一个能量接收机,各配置多根天线。
  • 推导出在信息与能量接收机分离情况下的最优波束成形策略,以实现速率-能量(R-E)区域的Pareto边界。
  • 针对共址接收机情况,由于能量接收机无法解码信息,提出可达R-E区域的外边界。
  • 分析共址接收机情况下的两种实际方案——时隙切换与功率分配,推导其可达的R-E区域。
  • 采用注水功率分配与波束成形技术,在功率约束下优化频谱效率。
  • 建立一个关键功率阈值 $ P = \frac{1}{h_2} - \frac{1}{h_1} $,当发射峰值功率低于该值时,时隙切换与均匀功率分配方案在R-E权衡上完全一致。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在信息与能量接收机分离的MIMO广播信道中,如何设计最优传输策略,以在确保最低能量传输水平的前提下最大化信息速率?
  • RQ2当信息与能量接收机共址与分离时,可达的速率-能量(R-E)区域有何差异?
  • RQ3在何种条件下,实际SWIPT方案(时隙切换与功率分配)可实现与最优均匀功率分配方案相同的性能?
  • RQ4共址接收机情况下的R-E区域的根本性能极限是什么?实际方案与该外边界相比如何?
  • RQ5MIMO信道的结构(特征值 $ h_1, h_2 $)如何影响SWIPT系统中的性能权衡?

主要发现

  • 在相同功率约束下,时隙切换(TS)方案在任意给定能量水平下均实现比均匀功率分配(UPS)更高的信息速率,证明了 $ R_{\rm TS} \geq R_{\rm UPS} $。
  • 当峰值发射功率 $ P \leq \frac{1}{h_2} - \frac{1}{h_1} $ 时,时隙切换与均匀功率分配方案的可达R-E区域完全相同。
  • 当 $ P > \frac{1}{h_2} - \frac{1}{h_1} $ 时,TS方案的最优发射协方差矩阵秩超过1,而UPS方案需采用秩-1波束成形以匹配性能,导致根本性矛盾,无法实现相等性能。
  • 共址接收机情况下的R-E区域外边界仅在能量接收机能解码信息时才为紧致边界,而该条件在实际中不可行,因此限制了实际可达性能。
  • 实际方案与理论外边界的性能差距随发射功率增加而增大,尤其在信道特征值差异显著时更为明显。
  • 临界阈值 $ P = \frac{1}{h_2} - \frac{1}{h_1} $ 标识了性能权衡无法再由简单方案匹配的临界点,原因在于UPS的秩-1约束与TS方案对多流传输的需求之间存在根本冲突。

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