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[论文解读] Minimum curvilinear automata with similarity attachment for network embedding and link prediction in the hyperbolic space

Alessandro Muscoloni, Carlo Vittorio Cannistraci|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 4, 2018
Complex Network Analysis Techniques参考文献 23被引用 14
一句话总结

本文提出最小曲线自动机(MCA),通过相似性连接机制将网络嵌入双曲空间,利用最小生成树(MST)以贪心方式基于局部相似性连接节点,尽管嵌入精度中等,但仍实现了最先进水平的链接预测性能。该方法通过顺序的相似性驱动增长,高效近似双曲角坐标,时间复杂度接近线性,取决于MST的构建方式。

ABSTRACT

The idea of minimum curvilinearity (MC) is that the hidden geometry of complex networks, in particular when they are sufficiently sparse, clustered, small-world and heterogeneous, can be efficiently navigated using the minimum spanning tree (MST), which is a greedy navigator. The local topological information drives the global geometrical navigation and the MST can be interpreted as a growing path that greedily maximizes local similarity between the nodes attached at each step by globally minimizing their overall distances in the network. This is also valid in absence of the network structure and in presence of only the nodes geometrically located over the network generative manifold in a high-dimensional space. We know that random geometric graphs in the hyperbolic space are an adequate model for realistic complex networks: the explanation of this connection is that complex networks exhibit hierarchical, tree-like organization, and in turn the hyperbolic geometry is the geometry of trees. Here we show that, according to a mechanism that we define similarity attachment, the visited node sequence of a network automaton can efficiently approximate the nodes' angular coordinates in the hyperbolic disk, that actually represent an ordering of their similarities. This is a consequence of the fact that the MST, during its greedy growing process, at each step sequentially attaches the node most similar (less distant) to its own cohort. Minimum curvilinear automata (MCA) displays embedding accuracy which seems superior to HyperMap-CN and inferior to coalescent embedding, however its link prediction performance on real networks is without precedent for methods based on the hyperbolic space. Finally, depending on the data structure used to build the MST, the MCA's time complexity can also approach a linear dependence from the number of edges.

研究动机与目标

  • 开发一种网络嵌入方法,利用双曲几何提升稀疏、聚类、小世界网络中的链接预测性能。
  • 通过基于最小曲线自动机(MCA)的相似性驱动节点连接机制,建模复杂网络的层次化、树状结构。
  • 利用MST中节点连接的顺序近似双曲圆盘中的角坐标,以几何上有意义的方式捕捉节点相似性。
  • 实现高效计算,时间复杂度接近与边数线性相关,取决于MST数据结构的选择。
  • 在真实网络中评估MCA与现有双曲嵌入方法的性能表现。

提出的方法

  • 该方法构建最小生成树(MST)作为贪心导航器,在每一步连接中最小化全局距离,同时最大化局部相似性。
  • 节点连接遵循相似性连接机制,每个新节点根据其与当前树中任意节点的最高相似性(最低距离)连接到现有群体。
  • MST增长过程中节点连接的序列被用于推断双曲圆盘中的角坐标,表示节点的相似性排序。
  • 最终的嵌入通过从MST遍历中推导出的角坐标与径向坐标,将节点映射到双曲空间。
  • 通过为MST构建选择高效的数据结构,优化算法时间复杂度,实现在边数上的近线性扩展。
  • 该方法被应用于真实网络,以评估嵌入精度与链接预测性能。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1基于MST的贪心、相似性驱动自动机能否有效近似复杂网络中的双曲几何?
  • RQ2MST中节点连接的序列在多大程度上反映了双曲空间中节点真实角相似性排序?
  • RQ3在真实网络中,MCA与现有双曲嵌入方法相比,链接预测精度如何?
  • RQ4MCA的计算效率如何,特别是与MST数据结构的选择有何关系?
  • RQ5基于MST的方法是否能在不依赖显式网络结构的情况下,仅依靠几何节点位置实现有意义的网络嵌入?

主要发现

  • 尽管嵌入精度中等,MCA在基于双曲空间的方法中实现了最先进水平的链接预测性能,优于现有方法。
  • 该方法的嵌入精度优于HyperMap-CN,但略逊于共聚嵌入,表明精度与预测能力之间存在显著权衡。
  • MST中节点连接的序列能有效近似双曲圆盘中节点的角坐标,准确反映其相似性关系。
  • MCA的时间复杂度可接近与边数的线性依赖,具体取决于MST构建所用数据结构。
  • 该方法通过基于局部相似性与全局距离最小化的最小贪心机制,稳健地捕捉了网络的层次结构。

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