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[论文解读] Mining Valence, Arousal, and Dominance - Possibilities for Detecting Burnout and Productivity?

Mika Mäntylä, Bram Adams|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 1, 2016
Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining参考文献 46被引用 83
一句话总结

本研究将情感维度模型Valence-Arousal-Dominance(VAD)应用于开源项目中的70万条Jira问题报告及200万条评论,以检测与倦怠和生产力下降相关的情感模式。研究发现,问题优先级越高,Arousal(唤醒度)越高;问题解决后,Valence(效价)显著上升,尤其对报告者影响最明显;而解决时间越长,则Arousal上升、Valence下降,表明VAD指标可作为软件团队情感压力的早期预警信号。

ABSTRACT

Similar to other industries, the software engineering domain is plagued by psychological diseases such as burnout, which lead developers to lose interest, exhibit lower activity and/or feel powerless. Prevention is essential for such diseases, which in turn requires early identification of symptoms. The emotional dimensions of Valence, Arousal and Dominance (VAD) are able to derive a person's interest (attraction), level of activation and perceived level of control for a particular situation from textual communication, such as emails. As an initial step towards identifying symptoms of productivity loss in software engineering, this paper explores the VAD metrics and their properties on 700,000 Jira issue reports containing over 2,000,000 comments, since issue reports keep track of a developer's progress on addressing bugs or new features. Using a general-purpose lexicon of 14,000 English words with known VAD scores, our results show that issue reports of different type (e.g., Feature Request vs. Bug) have a fair variation of Valence, while increase in issue priority (e.g., from Minor to Critical) typically increases Arousal. Furthermore, we show that as an issue's resolution time increases, so does the arousal of the individual the issue is assigned to. Finally, the resolution of an issue increases valence, especially for the issue Reporter and for quickly addressed issues. The existence of such relations between VAD and issue report activities shows promise that text mining in the future could offer an alternative way for work health assessment surveys.

研究动机与目标

  • 探究是否能从软件开发沟通中自动提取情感维度(效价、唤醒度、主导感,即VAD),以识别倦怠和生产力下降的早期迹象。
  • 评估VAD指标是否与问题报告特征(如类型、优先级、解决时间)存在相关性。
  • 比较VAD与离散情绪、情感倾向及礼貌程度在解释缺陷解决时间方面的预测能力。
  • 探究真实世界软件代码库中情感状态与问题解决动态之间的双向因果关系。

提出的方法

  • 采用包含13,915个英文单词的一般用途VAD词典,从70万条Jira问题报告和200万条评论中提取情感得分。
  • 通过统计分析与效应量估计,考察VAD得分与问题元数据(如类型、优先级、解决时间)之间的关系。
  • 将问题解决视为时间序列事件,分析问题报告生命周期中VAD的变化趋势。
  • 利用回归模型评估VAD对缺陷解决时间的影响,并与情感倾向、情绪类别及礼貌程度指标进行对比。
  • 通过与心理学理论的一致性检验验证研究发现,包括耶克斯-多德森定律(Yerkes-Dodson law)以及控制感(Dominance)在倦怠中的作用。
  • 通过基于经验模式的因果关系假设,并确保数据在开发者无意识下收集,以缓解潜在混杂因素的影响。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1RQ1:VAD指标如何与问题报告特征(如类型,例如Bug与Feature)及优先级水平相关?
  • RQ2RQ2:随着问题从创建到解决的推进,VAD得分如何随时间演变?
  • RQ3RQ3:VAD得分能否解释缺陷的解决时间?其解释力相较于其他情感度量指标如何?
  • RQ4RQ4:哪些问题特征可预测开发者评论中的高或低VAD得分?

主要发现

  • 问题优先级越高(如从Minor升至Critical),Arousal显著上升,表明情绪激活水平提高。
  • 问题类型影响Valence:Bug报告与较低的Valence(愉悦度较低)相关,而功能请求与改进类问题则表现出更高的Valence。
  • 问题解决与Valence的显著提升相关,且对问题报告者的影响最为强烈。
  • 解决时间越长,Arousal上升、Valence下降,表明随时间推移情绪压力与情感疲劳逐渐加剧。
  • VAD指标能解释缺陷解决时间的有意义部分,其效应量(如d = 0.389)显著高于以往情感挖掘研究。
  • 本研究揭示了双向关系:情感状态影响问题解决动态,而未解决的问题反过来塑造情感反应,尤其导致Arousal上升与Valence下降。

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