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[论文解读] Modelling the secular evolution of protoplanetary disc dust sizes - a comparison between the viscous and magnetic wind case

Rosotti, G.P.|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jul 1, 2022
Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies参考文献 132被引用 17
一句话总结

本研究模拟了原行星盘中尘埃盘尺寸在黏性与磁风(MHD)角动量输运机制下的长期演化。通过一维气体与尘埃模拟,发现黏性模型预测尘埃盘会扩张(半径随时间增加),而MHD风模型则产生紧凑、非扩张或收缩的尘埃盘。关键结果是,当前ALMA观测因灵敏度限制尚无法区分这两种情景,但未来对年龄分布较广的星形成区进行更深入的巡天可能在1–10 Myr范围内解决此问题。

ABSTRACT

For many years proto-planetary discs have been thought to evolve viscously: angular momentum redistribution leads to accretion and outward disc spreading. Recently, the hypothesis that accretion is due, instead, to angular momentum removal by magnetic winds gained new popularity: no disc spreading is expected in this case. In this paper, we run several one-dimensional gas and dust simulations to make predictions on the time-evolution of disc sizes extit{in the dust} and to assess whether they can be used to understand how discs evolve. We show that viscous and magnetic wind models have very different dust disc radii. In particular, MHD wind models are compact and their sizes either remain constant or decrease with time. On the contrary, discs become larger with time in the viscous case (when $\alpha\gtrsim10^{-3}$). Although current observations lack enough sensitivity to discriminate between these two scenarios, higher-sensitivity surveys could be fruitful to this goal on a $1\,{ m to}\,10\,{ m Myr}$ age range. When compared with the available ALMA Band~7 data, both viscous and magnetic wind models are compatible with the observationally-inferred dust radii in Lupus, Chamaeleon~I and Upper Sco. Furthermore, in the drift-dominated regime, the size-luminosity correlation is reproduced in Lupus, both in Band~7 and 3, while in Upper Sco a different slope than in the data is predicted. Sub-structures (potentially undetected) can explain several outliers with large observed sizes. Higher-angular-resolution observations will be helpful to test our predictions in the case of more compact discs, expected in both frameworks, particularly at the age of Upper Sco.

研究动机与目标

  • 研究在黏性与磁风角动量输运机制下,尘埃盘尺寸如何随时间演化。
  • 评估邻近星形成区中观测到的尘埃盘尺寸是否能区分黏性与MHD风盘演化模型。
  • 评估径向漂移、亚结构及观测分辨率对尺寸-光度相关性与盘尺寸测量的影响。
  • 利用ALMA Band 7与Band 3数据,测试Lupus、Chamaeleon I与Upper Sco区域观测数据对模型预测的稳健性。

提出的方法

  • 在原行星盘中进行一维流体动力学模拟,研究气体与尘埃演化,涵盖黏性与MHD风角动量输运。
  • 使用Shakura-Sunyaev α参数表示黏性,引入新的αDW参数以表征MHD风效率。
  • 整合径向漂移、颗粒生长及通过凝聚与破碎模型实现的尘埃演化。
  • 将预测的尘埃盘尺寸(质量半径与95%通量半径)与Lupus、Chamaeleon I与Upper Sco区域在0.89 mm(Band 7)与3.10 mm(Band 3)波段的ALMA观测进行比较。
  • 通过光致蒸发与与质量相关的风效率(αDW ∝ M_disc^−ω)建模盘的消散,以评估长期尺寸演化。
  • 使用Tabone et al. 2022b的MHD风主导盘的自相似解析解,指导并验证数值模型。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在黏性与磁风盘演化模型中,尘埃盘尺寸如何随时间演化?
  • RQ2当前对Lupus、Chamaeleon I与Upper Sco区域尘埃盘尺寸的ALMA观测能否区分黏性与MHD风盘演化情景?
  • RQ3为何部分观测盘比平滑模型预测的更大?亚结构能否解释这些异常值?
  • RQ4径向漂移如何影响观测盘尺寸的波长依赖性?为何Lupus中Band 3与Band 7的尺寸相似,尽管模型预测长波段尺寸会收缩?
  • RQ5黏性与MHD风模型中,尺寸-光度相关性的预测斜率为何?与Upper Sco与Lupus区域的观测相比如何?

主要发现

  • 黏性模型中,当α ≳ 10⁻³时,预测尘埃盘会扩张,盘尺寸随时间增加;而MHD风模型产生紧凑的盘,其尺寸保持不变或减小。
  • 黏性与MHD风模型在Lupus、Chamaeleon I与Upper Sco区域的观测尘埃盘尺寸中均与1σ中位数范围一致,但某些情况下MHD风模型预测的尺寸小于实际观测值。
  • 在Lupus区域,两种模型均能再现0.89 mm(Band 7)的观测尺寸-光度相关性,且在3.10 mm(Band 3)波段勉强成立,表明与径向漂移效应一致。
  • 在Upper Sco区域,模型预测的尺寸-光度相关性斜率比实际观测更陡,提示存在差异,可能由未探测到的亚结构解释。
  • 模型预测因径向漂移导致大颗粒向内迁移,长波段通量尺寸更小,但Lupus Band 3数据中未观测到此现象,表明平滑模型可能存在局限性,或存在亚结构。
  • 需要更高角分辨率的观测来检验黏性与MHD风模型中均预期存在的紧凑盘预测,尤其是在Upper Sco的5–10 Myr年龄范围内。

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