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[论文解读] Modified viscosity in accretion disks. Application to Galactic black hole binaries, intermediate mass black holes and AGN

Mikołaj Grzędzielski, Agnieszka Janiuk|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 29, 2016
Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations参考文献 59被引用 9
一句话总结

本文提出了一种在吸积盘中用于建模热-黏性不稳定性及黑洞系统中周期性变化的修改黏性公式(μ-公式)。通过引入辐射压力和磁场效应的μ参数,该模型成功再现了X射线双星、中等质量黑洞(IMBHs)和活动星系核(AGNs)中的观测耀斑,准确拟合了HLX-1的光变曲线,并利用μ作为磁化程度的代理,实现了对黑洞质量与吸积率的独立估计。

ABSTRACT

Black holes (BHs) surrounded by accretion disks are present in the Universe at different scales of masses, from microquasars up to the active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The current picture remains ad hoc due to the complexity of the magnetic field action. In addition, accretion disks at high Eddington rates can be radiation-pressure dominated and, according to some of the heating prescriptions, thermally unstable. The observational verification of their resulting variability patterns may shed light on both the role of radiation pressure and magnetic fields. We compute the structure and time evolution of an accretion disk, using the code GLADIS (which models the global accretion disk instability). We supplement this model with a modified viscosity prescription, which can to some extent describe the magnetisation of the disk. We study the results for a large grid of models, to cover the whole parameter space, and we derive conclusions separately for different scales of black hole masses, which are characteristic for various types of cosmic sources. We show the dependencies between the flare or outburst duration, its amplitude, and period, on the accretion rate and viscosity scaling. We show that if the heating rate in the accretion disk grows more rapidly with the total pressure and temperature, the instability results in longer and sharper flares. In general, we confirm that the disks around the supermassive black holes are more radiation-pressure dominated and present relatively brighter bursts. Our method can also be used as an independent tool for the black hole mass determination, which we confront now for the intermediate black hole in the source HLX-1.

研究动机与目标

  • 通过引入一种考虑磁场和辐射压力效应的修改黏性公式,解决标准α-黏性模型的任意性问题。
  • 在不同质量的黑洞周围建模时间依赖的、非线性的变异性(如极限环耀斑)。
  • 利用全局盘不稳定代码(GLADIS)再现X射线双星、IMBHs和AGNs的观测光变曲线。
  • 利用耀斑特征(持续时间、峰值幅度、周期)推断黑洞质量、吸积率和磁场强度等物理参数。
  • 在中等质量黑洞候选体HLX-1上测试该模型,并独立确定其质量与吸积率。

提出的方法

  • 本研究使用GLADIS代码模拟几何薄、光学厚盘中的全局吸积盘不稳定性。
  • 引入一种修改的黏性公式 τrφ ∝ P_total^μ,其中μ量化了应力对总压力的敏感度,作为磁场强度的代理。
  • 模型包含辐射压力主导和热-黏性不稳定性,时间演化在大范围的质量与吸积率参数网格上计算。
  • 保持α-黏性参数恒定,而通过改变μ来探索不同的盘磁化状态。
  • 将模型光变曲线与GRS 1915+105、IGR J17091-3624和HLX-1的观测变异性进行比较,以约束μ和物理参数。
  • 该方法可通过拟合观测耀斑的周期、幅度和持续时间,独立估计黑洞质量与吸积率。
Figure 1: Local stability curves for $\mu=0.51$ , $\mu=0.55$ , $\mu=0.59$ and $\mu=0.63$ . Parameters: $M=3\times 10^{4}M_{\odot}$ , $\alpha=0.02$ , and $\dot{m}=0.7$ . The chosen radius is $R=7.82R_{Schw}=15.74\frac{GM}{c^{2}}=6.88\times 10^{10}$ cm, corresponding to the inner, hot area of the disk
Figure 1: Local stability curves for $\mu=0.51$ , $\mu=0.55$ , $\mu=0.59$ and $\mu=0.63$ . Parameters: $M=3\times 10^{4}M_{\odot}$ , $\alpha=0.02$ , and $\dot{m}=0.7$ . The chosen radius is $R=7.82R_{Schw}=15.74\frac{GM}{c^{2}}=6.88\times 10^{10}$ cm, corresponding to the inner, hot area of the disk

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1一种依赖于总压力的修改黏性公式(μ)如何影响吸积盘中热-黏性不稳定的出现?
  • RQ2该模型能否再现微类星体(如GRS 1915+105和IGR J17091-3624)中观测到的心跳状变异性?
  • RQ3辐射压力与磁场在不同黑洞系统中对盘爆发的持续时间、幅度和周期有何影响?
  • RQ4μ参数能否作为吸积流中磁场强度的代理,如通过光变曲线拟合所推断的那样?
  • RQ5基于模型光变曲线拟合,中等质量黑洞HLX-1的推断质量与吸积率是多少?

主要发现

  • 修改后的μ-公式成功再现了微类星体的观测光变曲线,包括GRS 1915+105和IGR J17091-3624中的心跳状态。
  • 对于较高的μ值(例如μ ≈ 0.6),盘的稳定性增强,导致耀斑持续时间更长、峰值更尖锐,这是由于黏性对总压力的敏感度提高所致。
  • 该模型以黑洞质量1.9 × 10⁵ M⊙和每周期0.09–0.18 M⊙的吸积率,成功拟合了HLX-1的光变曲线,与先前估计一致。
  • HLX-1中耀斑持续时间的变化最合理的解释是μ参数的变化(从0.48到0.56),表明盘的磁化程度随时间减弱。
  • 模型预测超大质量黑洞的盘更受辐射压力主导,因此爆发更明亮、持续时间更长,相较于恒星级系统。
  • 当μ参数通过观测拟合时,可作为吸积流中磁场强度的独立代理,从而实现对物理参数的估计。
Figure 2: $T$ and $\Sigma$ variability for the model with $\mu=0.5$ for a typical IMBH accretion disk. The computation shows a weakly developed instability. Parameters: $M=3\times 10^{4}M_{\odot}$ , $\alpha=0.02$ , and $\dot{m}=0.25$ . The plot is made for the radius $R=7.82R_{Schw}=15.74\frac{GM}{c
Figure 2: $T$ and $\Sigma$ variability for the model with $\mu=0.5$ for a typical IMBH accretion disk. The computation shows a weakly developed instability. Parameters: $M=3\times 10^{4}M_{\odot}$ , $\alpha=0.02$ , and $\dot{m}=0.25$ . The plot is made for the radius $R=7.82R_{Schw}=15.74\frac{GM}{c

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