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[论文解读] Monitored Quantum Dynamics and the Kitaev Spin Liquid

Ali Lavasani, Zhu-Xi Luo|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jul 6, 2022
Advanced Condensed Matter Physics被引用 7
一句话总结

本文通过局域投影测量在(2+1)维系统中研究了受监控的量子动力学,实现了类似于Kitaev自旋液体的非平衡相。通过将动力学映射到Majorana部分子描述,识别出具有面积律纠缠的拓扑序相,以及具有面积律违背对数项和长程三体纠缠的临界相,这两种相在微扰下均保持稳定,并可通过非平衡部分子理论进行分析。

ABSTRACT

Quantum circuit dynamics with local projective measurements can realize a rich spectrum of entangled states of quantum matter. Motivated by the physics of the Kitaev quantum spin liquid [1], we study quantum circuit dynamics in (2+1)-dimensions involving local projective measurements, in which the monitored trajectories realize (i) a phase with topological quantum order or (ii) a "critical" phase with a logarithmic violation of area-law-scaling of the entanglement entropy along with long range tripartite entanglement. A Majorana parton description of these dynamics, which provides an out-of-equilibrium generalization of the parton description of the Kitaev honeycomb model, permits an analytic understanding of the universal properties of these two phases, including the entanglement properties of the steady-state, the dynamics of the system on the approach to equilibrium, and the phase transition between these states. In the topologically-ordered phase, two logical qubits can be encoded in an initial state and protected for a time which scales exponentially in the linear dimension of the system, while no robust encoding of quantum information persists in the critical phase. Extensive numerical simulations of these monitored dynamics confirm our analytic predictions.

研究动机与目标

  • 探讨非对易的局域投影测量如何生成具有长程纠缠的非平衡相,其行为类似于Kitaev自旋液体。
  • 理解在具有空间随机测量的受监控量子电路中,拓扑量子序和临界行为的出现机制。
  • 通过Majorana费米子构建非平衡部分子描述,以解析表征这些相的普遍性质。
  • 研究额外测量或三量子比特相互作用等微扰对这些相稳定性的影响。
  • 评估该面积律相在动态生成的逻辑量子比特中作为量子纠错码的潜力。

提出的方法

  • 将受监控的量子动力学表述为在Kitaev蜂窝状模型的键算符上进行的一系列局域投影测量。
  • 应用Majorana部分子表示,将自旋系统映射为与Z2规范场耦合的非相互作用Majorana费米子。
  • 利用部分子图像,解析推导普遍性质,包括纠缠熵的标度行为和相变特征。
  • 通过大规模数值模拟子系统纠缠熵、互信息和威尔逊线关联函数,验证理论预测。
  • 引入如 plaquette 测量和三量子比特算符等微扰,以检验相的稳定性并探索新的临界相。
  • 通过经典环模型分析动力学,以理解临界相中长程关联的出现机制。
Figure 1 : Phase diagram: . As the probabilities of measuring different bond operators ( $p_{x}$ , $p_{y}$ , $p_{z}$ with $p_{x}+p_{y}+p_{z}=1$ ) are tuned, the monitored pure-state trajectories realize ( $i$ ) a topologically-ordered phase with an area-law scaling of the entanglement entropy (green
Figure 1 : Phase diagram: . As the probabilities of measuring different bond operators ( $p_{x}$ , $p_{y}$ , $p_{z}$ with $p_{x}+p_{y}+p_{z}=1$ ) are tuned, the monitored pure-state trajectories realize ( $i$ ) a topologically-ordered phase with an area-law scaling of the entanglement entropy (green

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1通过局域投影测量的受监控量子动力学能否实现具有拓扑序和长程纠缠的相,其行为类似于Kitaev自旋液体?
  • RQ2Majorana部分子描述如何实现对非平衡量子电路中纠缠熵标度和相变行为的解析理解?
  • RQ3测量偏置在稳定具有鲁棒逻辑量子比特编码的拓扑序相中起什么作用?
  • RQ4额外测量或三量子比特相互作用等微扰如何影响临界相和拓扑序相的稳定性?
  • RQ5该受监控动力学中的面积律相能否作为量子纠错码?其解码特性如何?

主要发现

  • 受监控动力学实现了具有纠缠熵面积律标度的拓扑序相,并在稳态下对两个逻辑量子比特实现指数保护。
  • 出现一个临界相,具有面积律的对数违背和长程三体纠缠,其部分子描述类似于Majorana费米面。
  • 数值模拟证实了两种相中预测的纠缠熵标度、互信息和威尔逊线关联函数。
  • 临界相在小扰动(如额外单量子比特测量和三量子比特相互作用)下保持稳定。
  • 拓扑序相支持鲁棒的逻辑量子比特编码,其保护时间随系统尺寸指数增长。
  • 通过部分子形式体系分析两相之间的相变,临界相表现出增强的长程关联。
Figure 3 : Parton Dynamics: A projective measurement of a bond operator gives rise to a dynamics of the Majorana partons as shown in $(a)$ and described in Sec. II.1 . Each pair of dimerized Majorana fermions $ic_{\bm{r}}c_{\bm{r}^{\prime}}=\pm 1$ in the parton wavefunction gives rise to a stabilize
Figure 3 : Parton Dynamics: A projective measurement of a bond operator gives rise to a dynamics of the Majorana partons as shown in $(a)$ and described in Sec. II.1 . Each pair of dimerized Majorana fermions $ic_{\bm{r}}c_{\bm{r}^{\prime}}=\pm 1$ in the parton wavefunction gives rise to a stabilize

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