[论文解读] Most Luminous z=9-10 Galaxies: A First Determination of the Bright End of the z~9 and z~10 UV Luminosity Functions using all five CANDELS Fields
本研究利用所有五个CANDELS场的HST/WFC3/IR与Spitzer/IRAC数据组合,识别出14个z≈9–10的高概率星系,其中包括通过针对性的10轨道HST后续观测程序新发现的4个源。该研究首次实现了对z~9和z~10红移处明亮端紫外光度函数的稳健测定,发现其光度密度约为从低红移外推趋势的2倍低。
The deep, wide-area (900 arcmin**2) WFC3/IR + Spitzer/IRAC observations over the CANDELS program represents a significant resource for constraining the bright end of the z~9 and z~10 UV luminosity functions (LFs). We recently reported the discovery of 6 luminous z~9-10 candidates over the GOODS-North+South fields, but extending this search to the full CANDELS program was impeded by the lack of HST-depth 1.05-micron observations in the other 3 CANDELS fields. Here we attempt to significantly realize the potential of CANDELS for z=9-10 science by combining a search over all 5 fields with results from a new HST program (B9-CANDELS) designed to follow up the highest-probability z~9-10 galaxy candidates with observations at 1.05 microns. The targeted z~9-10 candidates are preselected by taking advantage of the full HST, Spitzer/IRAC S-CANDELS observations, and the deepest-available ground-based optical+near-IR observations. With our follow-up program now 91% complete, we identify 4 new high-probability z~9-10 galaxies in just 10 orbits. This brings our total sample of bright z~9-10 galaxies to 14, including several other new sources from the CANDELS GOODS + ERS fields.Through extensive simulations, we replicate the selection process for our sample (both the preselection and follow-up) and obtain an accurate estimate of the volume density of bright galaxies (M_{UV,AB} 0.4L*), the luminosity densities we find at z~9 and z~10 are ~2x lower than the extrapolated trends. We would expect significant additional gains in these results from the on-going 500-orbit BoRG[z910] program and by obtaining additional follow-up observations over the CANDELS-WIDE fields.
研究动机与目标
- 利用CANDELS巡天的深空广域观测数据,确定z~9和z~10红移处明亮端紫外光度函数(LF)。
- 通过为高概率z~9–10星系候选者获取1.05微米的HST后续观测,克服CANDELS计划先前的局限性。
- 通过整合来自HST、Spitzer/IRAC和地面观测的多波段数据,提高高红移星系检测的统计可靠性。
- 通过广泛模拟选择与后续过程,估算z~9和z~10红移处明亮星系的体积密度。
提出的方法
- 利用所有五个CANDELS场的完整HST和Spitzer/IRAC S-CANDELS数据,对z~9–10候选星系进行预选。
- 通过B9-CANDELS计划,对最高概率候选者实施1.05微米波段的针对性HST后续观测。
- 整合当前最深的地面光学与近红外数据,以改善光谱红移估计和源可靠性。
- 利用广泛模拟来建模完整的选源与后续过程,从而实现对体积密度和光度函数参数的准确估计。
- 应用AB星等系统测量紫外绝对星等(M_UV,AB),并与高红移处的L*值进行比较。
- 通过统计分析推导z~9和z~10红移处的紫外光度函数,重点关注明亮端(M_UV,AB ≤ -20.5),并与从低红移外推的趋势进行比较。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1在z~9和z~10红移处,明亮星系的真实体积密度是多少,特别是紫外光度函数的明亮端?
- RQ2z~9和z~10红移处的观测光度密度与从低红移光度函数外推的趋势相比如何?
- RQ3选择与后续程序在多大程度上对高红移星系的检测造成偏差?能否通过模拟进行校正?
- RQ4CANDELS-WIDE场对z~9–10星系整体普查的贡献如何?未来后续观测将如何提升检测率?
- RQ5BoRG[z910]计划的结果与现有CANDELS数据相比,在约束明亮端光度函数方面有何差异?
主要发现
- 本研究共识别出14个高概率的z≈9–10星系,其中包括通过仅10个HST轨道的针对性后续观测新发现的4个源。
- 通过模拟完整选源与后续过程,准确估算了z~9和z~10红移处明亮星系(M_UV,AB ≤ -20.5)的体积密度。
- z~9和z~10红移处的光度密度约为从低红移光度函数趋势外推结果的2倍低。
- 研究结果表明,使用HST和Spitzer进行深空广域巡天,是探测高红移紫外光度函数明亮端的可行且必要手段。
- 研究指出,正在进行的500轨道BoRG[z910]计划以及未来在CANDELS-WIDE场的后续观测将带来显著改进。
- 多波段数据与针对性后续观测的结合,实现了对z~9–10紫外光度函数的稳健、模拟校准测定,为高红移星系研究设立了新基准。
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