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[论文解读] MS-GWaM: A 3-dimensional transient gravity wave parametrization for atmospheric models

Georg Sebastian Voelker, Gergely Bölöni|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 20, 2023
Geophysics and Gravity Measurements被引用 12
一句话总结

MS-GWaM-3D 将多尺度重力波模型扩展到内在重力波的完整三维瞬态传播,将射线追踪波与 ICON 模型耦合,并展示三维波动对中层大气顶部动力学和平均场的影响。

ABSTRACT

Parametrizations for internal gravity waves in atmospheric models are traditionally subject to a number of simplifications. Most notably, they rely on both neglecting wave propagation and advection in the horizontal direction (single-column assumption) and an instantaneous balance in the vertical direction (steady-state assumption). While these simplifications are well justified to cover some essential dynamic effects and keep the computational effort small it has been shown that both mechanisms are potentially significant. In particular, the recently introduced Multiscale Gravity Wave Model (MS-GWaM) successfully applied ray tracing methods in a novel type of transient but columnar internal gravity wave parameterization (MS-GWaM-1D). We extend this concept to a three-dimensional version of the parameterization (MS-GWaM-3D) to simulate subgrid-scale non-orographic internal gravity waves. The resulting global wave model -- implemented into the weather-forecast and climate code ICON -- contains three-dimensional transient propagation with accurate flux calculations, a latitude-dependent background source, and convectively generated waves. MS-GWaM-3D helps reproducing expected temperature and wind patterns in the mesopause region in the climatological zonal mean state and thus proves a viable IGW parameterization. Analyzing the global wave action budget, we find that horizontal wave propagation is as important as vertical wave propagation. The corresponding wave refraction includes previously missing but well-known effects such as wave refraction into the polar jet streams. On a global scale, three-dimensional wave refraction leads to a horizontal flow-dependent redistribution of waves such that the structures of the zonal mean wave drag and consequently the zonal mean winds are modified.

研究动机与目标

  • 以改进对亚网格尺度内在重力波的表示为动机,超越单柱和稳态假设。
  • 基于射线追踪和相空间波动行动,开发三维瞬态重力波参数化(MS-GWaM-3D)。
  • 将三维波场耦合到 ICON 模型,以评估对中层顶区经向风和温度的影响。
  • 结合两种重力波来源(背景场与对流产生)并采用纬度相关的发射。
  • 评估与一维及无 IGW 情况相比,3D IGW 的全球分布、预算和平均流的影响。

提出的方法

  • 在球面上使用 Bretherton–Grimshaw 调制方程对三维瞬态 IGW 进行表述,并采用相空间(N)表示。
  • 应用射线追踪与 eikonal 方程来计算沿射线的波数和群速演化。
  • 使用相空间波动行动守恒来传播波包并处理焦散。
  • 计算 IGW 通量及其散度,以通过雷诺应力类项和科氏项更新平均场趋势。
  • 引入两种下边界波源(纬度变化的背景场和对流源),采用 Desaubie-like 谱形和至日模态调制。
  • 实现基于积分密度扰动准则的饱和机制,以调节幅度。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1与一维/稳态参数化相比,三维瞬态传播的内在重力波如何改变其能量和动量通量?
  • RQ2三维波折射对波能重新分布以及中层顶区经向风有哪些影响?
  • RQ3水平波传播和相空间动力学如何影响 ICON 模型中的平均场强迫?
  • RQ4带有纬度和季节依赖源的背景场与对流产生的 IGW 能否再现观测到的中层顶特征?
  • RQ5在极区以及高度非平衡流场中,MS-GWaM-3D 的局限性与敏感性有哪些?

主要发现

  • 水平传播与垂直传播对波动行动预算同样重要。
  • 三维折射包括如波向极地喷射流折射等效应,并导致波能的水平再分配。
  • 在全球尺度上,三维波传播改变经向波拖曳并改变经向风。
  • MS-GWaM-3D 在气候平均态的中层顶区域温度和风场模式与预期一致,且可与 MS-GWaM-1D 相比较。
  • 与无 IGW 运行及参考气候资料比较,MS-GWaM-3D 通常对平均状态的影响适中,在南极冬季喷射和中层顶区域有显著差异。
  • 研究展示了一个可行的 IGW 参数化,在 ICON 框架内捕捉三维瞬态效应。

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