Skip to main content
QUICK REVIEW

[论文解读] Multi-gap topological conversion of Euler class via band-node braiding: minimal models, $PT$-linked nodal rings, and chiral heirs

Adrien Bouhon, Robert-Jan Slager|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 31, 2022
Mechanical and Optical Resonators被引用 12
一句话总结

该论文提出了一种通用框架,用于构建由 $ζ$-值欧拉类表征的多带隙拓扑相的最小晶格模型,其特征为在 $C_{2}T$ 或 $PT$ 对称性下的能带节点编织。结果表明,不同欧拉相之间的相变由与亚能隙节点线相连的相邻节点环介导,其稳定性由欧拉类单极子电荷决定,并表明破缺这些对称性可使欧拉相转变为具有量化贝里相位流的螺旋陈相。

ABSTRACT

The past few years have seen rapid progress in characterizing topological band structures using symmetry eigenvalue indicated methods. Recently, however, there has been increasing theoretical and experimental interest in multi-gap dependent topological phases that cannot be captured by this paradigm. These topologies arise by braiding band degeneracies that reside between different bands and carry non-Abelian charges due to the presence of either $C_2T$ or $PT$ symmetry, culminating in different invariants such as $\mathbb{Z}$-valued Euler class. Here, we present a universal formulation for Euler phases motivated by their homotopy classification that is related to the Skyrmion-profile of a single unit-vector in three-level systems, and that of two unit-vectors in four-level systems. In addition, upon employing the strategy of systematically building 3D models from a pair of sub-dimensional Euler phases, we show that phase transitions between any two inequivalent Euler phases are mediated by the presence of adjacent (in-gap) nodal rings linked with sub-gap nodal lines, forming trajectories corresponding to the braiding or debraiding of nodal points. The stability of the linked adjacent nodal rings is furthermore demonstrated to be indicated by an Euler class monopole charge matching with its $\mathbb{Z}$-valued linking numbers. We finally also systematically address the conversion of Euler phases into descendant Chern phases upon breaking the $C_2T$ or $PT$ symmetry. All the topological phases discussed in this work are corroborated with explicit minimal lattice models. These models can themselves directly serve as an extra impetus for experimental searches or be employed for theoretical studies, thereby underpinning the upcoming of this nascent pursuit.

研究动机与目标

  • 通过同伦分类方法,系统地建立三维体系中欧拉拓扑相的通用表述。
  • 构建显式的最小晶格模型,以实现非平凡的欧拉不变量并支持多带隙拓扑结构。
  • 阐明 $PT$ 对称节点结构与能带节点编织在介导不同欧拉相之间相变中的作用。
  • 通过单极子电荷匹配,建立欧拉类与相邻节点环之间链接数的直接联系。
  • 研究在破缺 $C_{2}T$ 或 $PT$ 对称性后,螺旋后代相的出现机制,并量化其陈数。

提出的方法

  • 利用三维和四能级体系中单位向量场的同伦分类,定义欧拉类不变量。
  • 采用从低维欧拉相构建三维模型的策略,以实现完整的三维拓扑不变量。
  • 构建具有可调参数的显式最小紧束缚晶格模型,以实现所需的欧拉类和节点结构。
  • 引入对称性破缺项(如破缺 $C_{2}T$ 或 $PT$)将欧拉相转换为陈相,并通过贝里相位流分析验证。
  • 通过单极子电荷与 $ζ$-值链接数的匹配,分析节点环的稳定性。
  • 通过每 Bands 的数值与解析计算贝里相位流,确认后代相中陈数的量化。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1如何系统地构建最小晶格模型,以在三维体系中实现非平凡的欧拉类不变量?
  • RQ2能带节点编织在介导非等价欧拉相之间相变中起什么作用?
  • RQ3在欧拉相之间的相变路径中,$PT$ 对称节点环与亚能隙节点线如何相互关联?
  • RQ4相邻节点环在欧拉相中的拓扑稳定性机制是什么,其与单极子电荷有何关联?
  • RQ5当破缺 $C_{2}T$ 或 $PT$ 对称性时,欧拉相如何演化为螺旋陈相,其陈数量化特性如何?

主要发现

  • 所有非等价的二维欧拉相在三维体系中均可作为 $PT$ 对称节点结构实现,当插值参数被视为额外维度时。
  • 不同欧拉相之间的相变由与亚能隙节点线相连的相邻节点环介导,形成编织或去编织轨迹。
  • 这些相邻节点环的稳定性由与 $ζ$-值欧拉类及链接数匹配的单极子电荷实现拓扑保护。
  • 在最小模型中破缺 $C_{2}T$ 或 $PT$ 对称性,可生成具有 $|c_{1, u}| = |χ_{ u}|$ 的螺旋陈相,其中每个两能带子空间 $\nu = I, II$ 均成立。
  • 对于平衡的欧拉相 $[\chi_I, \chi_{II}]$,所得陈能带表现出 $|c_{1, u}| = |\chi_{ u}|$;对于非平衡相,$|c_{1, u}| \in \{|\chi_I|, |\chi_{II}|\}$。
  • 通过嵌入两个 $[1,1]$ 四能带欧拉相所获得的螺旋相,在两个子空间 $\nu = I, II$ 中均表现出 $c_{1, u} = \pm 1$,且需两个中间的外尔点连接至 $k_z = \pi$ 处的平庸相。

更好的研究,从现在开始

从阅读论文到最终审阅,大幅缩短您的研究时间。

无需绑定信用卡

本解读由 AI 生成,并经人工编辑审核。