[论文解读] Multi-UAV Interference Coordination via Joint Trajectory and Power Control
本文提出了一种用于共享频谱无人机增强型干扰信道(UAV-IC)中多无人机干扰协调的联合轨迹与功率控制(TPC)框架,利用无人机移动性来管理干扰。通过采用飞行-悬停-飞行策略,并结合连续凸逼近(SCA)与并行化技术,该方法在计算时间显著减少的情况下实现了接近最优的和速率,相较于传统方法性能更优,且在频谱效率上优于正交方案如TDMA和FDMA。
In this paper, we consider an unmanned aerial vehicle-enabled interference channel (UAV-IC), where each of the $K$ UAVs communicates with its associated ground terminals (GTs) at the same time and over the same spectrum. To exploit the new degree of freedom of UAV mobility for interference coordination between the UAV-GT links, we formulate a joint trajectory and power control (TPC) problem for maximizing the aggregate sum rate of the UAV-IC for a given flight interval, under the practical constraints on the UAV flying speed, altitude, as well as collision avoidance. These constraints couple the TPC variables across different time slots and UAVs, leading to a challenging large-scale and non-convex optimization problem. By exploiting the problem structure, we show that the optimal TPC solution follows the fly-hover-fly strategy, based on which the problem can be handled by firstly finding an optimal hovering locations followed by solving a dimension-reduced TPC problem with given initial and hovering locations of UAVs. For the reduced TPC problem, we propose a successive convex approximation algorithm. To improve the computational efficiency, we further develop a parallel TPC algorithm that is effciently implementable over multi-core CPUs. We also propose a {segment-by-segment method} %virtual waypoint model which decomposes the TPC problem into sequential TPC subproblems each with a smaller problem dimension. Simulation results demonstrate the superior computation time efficiency of the proposed algorithms, and also show that the UAV-IC can yield higher network sum rate than the benchmark orthogonal schemes.
研究动机与目标
- 解决共享频谱与动态无人机移动性下多无人机网络中的干扰管理挑战。
- 在速度、高度及避碰等实际飞行约束下,联合优化无人机轨迹与传输功率。
- 为包含多架无人机与多个时隙的大规模UAV-IC场景开发计算高效的算法。
- 证明非正交无人机频谱共享可优于传统TDMA与FDMA方案的和速率。
提出的方法
- 建立一个非凸、大规模的优化问题,用于联合轨迹与功率控制(TPC),以在无人机移动性与干扰约束下最大化和速率。
- 证明最优TPC遵循飞行-悬停-飞行策略,通过先求解最优悬停位置实现降维。
- 提出一种基于连续凸逼近(SCA)的算法(算法1),在每次迭代中联合更新轨迹与功率,提升收敛性与性能。
- 提出一种并行TPC算法(算法2),适用于多核CPU高效实现,显著降低大规模部署的计算时间。
- 提出一种分段处理方法(算法3),将问题分解为更小的子问题,进一步降低计算负载,代价是性能略有损失。
- 采用两阶段方法:首先优化悬停位置,然后在固定初始点与悬停点的前提下求解简化后的TPC问题。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1能否有效利用无人机移动性来协调共享频谱多无人机网络中的干扰?
- RQ2在速度、高度及避碰等实际无人机飞行约束下,如何联合优化轨迹与功率控制?
- RQ3大规模多无人机干扰协调中,性能与效率之间的计算权衡如何?
- RQ4通过协同无人机移动性实现的非正交多址接入能否在和速率上优于传统正交方案如TDMA与FDMA?
- RQ5如何对联合TPC问题进行分解或并行化,以实现高效实时部署?
主要发现
- 所提出的基于SCA的TPC算法(算法1)在计算时间显著减少的情况下,达到与AO方法几乎相同的总和速率。
- 并行TPC算法(算法2)在保持几乎与集中式算法相同和速率性能的同时,显著降低了计算时间,尤其在K ≥ 3时优势明显。
- 分段处理算法(算法3,N_seg=40)进一步减少了计算时间,尽管与算法1相比和速率损失约5%。
- 采用频谱共享的UAV-IC在和速率上优于TDMA与FDMA方案,尤其在K ≥ 3时,凸显了非正交接入的优势。
- FDMA方案在所有K值下均优于TDMA,但计算时间更长,且当K ≥ 3时被非正交方案超越。
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