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[论文解读] Multiorbital exciton formation in an organic semiconductor

Wiebke Bennecke, Andreas Windischbacher|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 24, 2023
Fullerene Chemistry and Applications被引用 4
一句话总结

本研究结合时间分辨光电子发射轨道层析成像(tr-POT)与多体GW+Bethe-Salpeter方程计算,直接探测了有机半导体中激子的多轨道特性。对于C60,该方法揭示S3激子具有强电荷转移特征,电子-空穴分离达7.6 Å,且具有星形动量指纹,而S1和S2则为Frenkel型,表明tr-POT能够分离激子中的轨道贡献、局域化特性与电荷转移动力学。

ABSTRACT

Harnessing the optoelectronic response of organic semiconductors requires a thorough understanding of the fundamental light-matter interaction that is dominated by the excitation of correlated electron-hole pairs, i.e. excitons. The nature of these excitons would be fully captured by knowing the quantum-mechanical wavefunction, which, however, is difficult to access both theoretically and experimentally. Here, we use femtosecond photoemission orbital tomography in combination with many-body perturbation theory to gain access to exciton wavefunctions in organic semiconductors. We find that the coherent sum of multiple electron-hole pair contributions that typically make up a single exciton can be experimentally evidenced by photoelectron spectroscopy. For the prototypical organic semiconductor buckminsterfullerene (C$_{60}$), we show how to disentangle such multiorbital contributions and thereby access key properties of the exciton wavefunctions including localization, charge-transfer character, and ultrafast exciton formation and relaxation dynamics.

研究动机与目标

  • 直接获取有机半导体中激子的量子力学波函数,其决定了其光电性能。
  • 克服在强关联系统(如有机半导体)中实验探测关联电子-空穴对的挑战。
  • 验证并拓展时间分辨光电子发射轨道层析成像(tr-POT)在具有多轨道特性的激子准粒子中的应用。
  • 通过实验与多体理论相结合的方法,确定C60中激子的局域化、电荷转移特征及超快动力学行为。

提出的方法

  • 采用飞秒极紫外(EUV)脉冲进行时间分辨光电子发射轨道层析成像(tr-POT),探测C60薄膜中的激子态。
  • 将tr-POT实验与多体GW+Bethe-Salpeter方程(BSE)计算相结合,模拟激子波函数与光电子发射谱。
  • 利用动量分辨光电子发射数据,重构激子态的轨道特征与空间分布。
  • 对C60二聚体模型进行DFT与GW+BSE计算,分析激子对称性、能级结构及电子-空穴分离距离。
  • 将实验动量图与理论预测进行对比,验证激子的多轨道特性。
  • 分析电子与空穴位置的相关性,量化电荷转移特征与局域化程度。
Figure 1: Schematic overview of time-resolved photoemission orbital tomography of exciton states in C 60 . a, b , a femtosecond optical pulse (blue pulse and blue arrow in ( a ) and ( b ), respectively) excites optically bright excitons in a C 60 film. The exciton electron-hole pairs are sketched in
Figure 1: Schematic overview of time-resolved photoemission orbital tomography of exciton states in C 60 . a, b , a femtosecond optical pulse (blue pulse and blue arrow in ( a ) and ( b ), respectively) excites optically bright excitons in a C 60 film. The exciton electron-hole pairs are sketched in

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1C60中激子的多轨道特性在tr-POT中如何影响光电子发射谱?
  • RQ2tr-POT在多大程度上能够分辨激子的空间波函数,包括其局域化与电荷转移特征?
  • RQ3C60中S3激子态的电子-空穴分离距离是多少?其如何影响光电子发射中的动量指纹?
  • RQ4为何在二聚体模型上的理论GW+BSE计算无法完全再现S3激子的星形动量图?
  • RQ5tr-POT能否可靠地用于从强关联电子-空穴对中提取有机半导体中的激子特性?

主要发现

  • C60中S3激子在tr-POT中表现出星形动量指纹,表明其来自LUMO与LUMO+1轨道的显著多轨道贡献。
  • 理论计算显示S3激子的平均电子-空穴分离距离为7.6 Å,证实其具有强电荷转移特征。
  • S1与S2激子被发现具有Frenkel型特性,其能级分裂源于不同激发对称性(t1g、t2g与hg)。
  • 实验tr-POT数据显示光电子谱中存在多个峰,归因于不同轨道的贡献,并得到GW+BSE计算的证实。
  • S3动量图中实验与理论之间的差异,归因于二聚体模型在捕捉扩展C60体系中色散效应方面的局限性。
  • 本研究确立了tr-POT作为探测有机半导体中激子波函数(包括局域化与电荷转移特征)的可行方法。
Figure 2: Ab-initio calculation of the electronic structure and exciton spectrum of C 60 dimers in a crystalline multilayer sample. a , the unit cell for a monolayer of C 60 , for which $GW$ +BSE calculations for the dimers 1-2 and 1-4 were performed. b , electron addition/removal single-particle en
Figure 2: Ab-initio calculation of the electronic structure and exciton spectrum of C 60 dimers in a crystalline multilayer sample. a , the unit cell for a monolayer of C 60 , for which $GW$ +BSE calculations for the dimers 1-2 and 1-4 were performed. b , electron addition/removal single-particle en

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