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[论文解读] Nematicity and Orbital Depairing in Superconducting Bernal Bilayer Graphene with Strong Spin Orbit Coupling

Ludwig Holleis, Caitlin L. Patterson|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 1, 2023
Graphene research and applications参考文献 64被引用 21
一句话总结

本文报道在 WSe2 上的 Bernal 双层石墨烯(BBG/WSe2)中存在两种超导态(SC1 和 SC2),其中 SC2 来源于一个 nematic 常态;这两种态对平面场具有鲁棒性,并违反顺磁极限,将增强的超导性与 Ising SOC 联系起来。

ABSTRACT

Superconductivity (SC) is a ubiquitous feature of graphite allotropes, having been observed in Bernal bilayers[1], rhombohedral trilayers[2], and a wide variety of angle-misaligned multilayers[3-6]. Despite significant differences in the electronic structure across these systems, supporting the graphite layer on a WSe$_2$ substrate has been consistently observed to expand the range of SC in carrier density and temperature[7-10]. Here, we report the observation of two distinct superconducting states (denoted SC$_1$ and SC$_2$) in Bernal bilayer graphene with strong proximity-induced Ising spin-orbit coupling. Quantum oscillations show that while the normal state of SC$_1$ is consistent with the single-particle band structure, SC$_2$ emerges from a nematic normal state with broken rotational symmetry. Both superconductors are robust to in-plane magnetic fields, violating the paramagnetic limit; however, neither reach fields expected for spin-valley locked Ising superconductors. We use our knowledge of the Fermi surface geometry of SC$_1$ to argue that superconductivity is limited by orbital depairing arising from the imperfect layer polarization of the electron wavefunctions. Finally, a comparative analysis of transport and thermodynamic compressibility measurements in SC$_2$ shows that the proximity to the observed isospin phase boundaries, observed in other rhombohedral graphene allotropes, is likely coincidental, constraining theories of unconventional superconducting pairing mechanisms in theses systems.

研究动机与目标

  • 研究近邻诱导的 Ising 自旋轨道耦合(SOC)如何影响 WSe2 上的 Bernal 双层石墨烯(BBG)的超导性。
  • 识别并表征不同的超导态(SC1 和 SC2)及其常态费米面性质。
  • 确定 nematic 序在 SC2 出现中的作用及其对超导性的影响。
  • 在 Ising SOC 下量化超导性的增强及其对场的依赖性。
  • 评估 SOC 如何影响对平面磁场的鲁棒性以及顺磁极限。

提出的方法

  • 使用包含 Ising SOC 的紧束缚带结构模型来解释低能电子结构。
  • 进行电输运和量子振荡(Shubnikov–de Haas)测量,以绘制费米面拓扑并验证 Luttinger 总和规则。
  • 通过 Landau 能级重合来确定近邻诱导的 Ising SOC 强度(λI)。
  • 使用非线性传输和 Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Haldane(BKT)拟合来分析超导转变,以提取 Tc 和 TBKT。
  • 测试 Tc 对平面场的依赖是否符合 Ising-SOC 预测的标度 Tc/Tc0 = 1 − B_parallel^2/(B_SO B_P)。
  • 通过同时测量电阻和倒压缩性 κ,将 BBG/WSe2 的超导性与无 SOC 的晶体石墨烯进行比较。
Figure 1: Superconductivity in Bernal bilayer graphene (BBG) on WSe 2 . (A) Sample schematic showing dual gated BBG on WSe 2 . (B) Band structure calculated within a tight binding model including Ising SOC. Bands correspond to the different isospin flavors as indicated. Here $a_{0}$ = 2.46 Åis the g
Figure 1: Superconductivity in Bernal bilayer graphene (BBG) on WSe 2 . (A) Sample schematic showing dual gated BBG on WSe 2 . (B) Band structure calculated within a tight binding model including Ising SOC. Bands correspond to the different isospin flavors as indicated. Here $a_{0}$ = 2.46 Åis the g

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1BBG 在 WSe2 上是否在 Ising SOC 下呈现多重超导态?
  • RQ2SC1 和 SC2 凝聚的常态的性质是什么,是否参与 nematic 有序?
  • RQ3Ising SOC 如何影响超导对平面磁场的鲁棒性以及对顺磁极限的影响?
  • RQ4费米面拓扑变化和 nematicity 是否能与这些体系中的增强超导性相关联?
  • RQ5Tc 与平面场的标度在不同密度和置换场下是否与 Ising 超导性一致?

主要发现

  • 在大位移场下,空穴掺杂的 BBG/WSe2 出现两种不同的超导态 SC1 和 SC2;SC1 的 Tc 约为 ~40 mK,而 SC2 达到更高的 Tc,其 Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless 温度 TBKT 约为 255 mK。
  • SC2 来自具有旋转对称性破缺的 nematic 常态 (N2,4),这通过量子振荡频率的演变和 Luttinger 总和规则分析得到证实。
  • SC1 和 SC2 对平面磁场具有鲁棒性并违反顺磁极限,与 Ising 自旋轨道耦合的超导性一致;Tc 的平面场标度遵循涉及 B_SO 和 B_P 的规律。
  • 测得的 Ising SOC 强度为 λI ≈ 1.6 meV,在 SOC 下的费米面拓扑解释了观测到的 Landau 能级重合和满足广义 Luttinger 总和规则的多重振荡频率 (fν)。
  • SC2 的场依赖性坍缩到一个通用标度 η = Tc/(1 − B_parallel^2/(B_SO B_P)),表明配对发生在自旋定义费米面之间,并支持自旋谷锁定作为 Ising 超导的机制。
  • 与没有近邻 SOC 的石墨烯系统相比,BBG/WSe2 的超导性得到增强且不仅仅与等自旋跃迁相关,指向 SOC 诱导的 nematic 有序稳定化是实现更高 Tc 的途径。
Figure 2: Fermiology of the superconducting states in the presence of Ising SOC. (A) R xx at $D$ = 0.95 V/nm, including the domain of SC 1 . (B) Fourier transform of $R_{xx}(1/B_{\perp})$ over the same density range. The Fourier transforms are performed over a field range of 130 - 400 mT and 130 - 2
Figure 2: Fermiology of the superconducting states in the presence of Ising SOC. (A) R xx at $D$ = 0.95 V/nm, including the domain of SC 1 . (B) Fourier transform of $R_{xx}(1/B_{\perp})$ over the same density range. The Fourier transforms are performed over a field range of 130 - 400 mT and 130 - 2

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