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[论文解读] Neuron Interference: Evidence-Based Batch Effect Removal

Matthew Amodio, Ruth R. Montgomery|arXiv (Cornell University)|May 30, 2018
Cell Image Analysis Techniques参考文献 12被引用 9
一句话总结

本文提出神经元干扰(neuron interference),一种新颖的单细胞组学数据批次效应校正方法,通过利用对照亚群训练自编码器来建模批次特异性变异。推理过程中,通过干扰神经元激活,将校正效果泛化至整个样本,实现有效且非线性的批次效应去除,同时保留生物异质性。

ABSTRACT

New technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing and mass cytometry are measuring cellular populations in high dimensions, offering unparalleled insights into cellular behavior and enabling new scientific discoveries. However, when these measurements are applied to multiple samples or experimental conditions, the resulting systematic variations, or batch effects, confound biological variation and create a vexing problem in comparing cellular populations. Moreover, these batch effects, which arise as a result of changed environmental condition, instrument variation, machine calibration, or human handling differences, can be complex and highly non-linear transformations. Despite their ubiquity, there are few computational tools designed to correct generally for such effects while maintaining biological differences. The ones that exist hold strong assumptions (such as linear shifts between batches). Here, we propose an entirely novel approach to disentangling biological from batch variation where we take a specific subpopulation of cells as a control between the batches. This subpopulation can be an unchanged population (known via prior biology) or a repeatedly measured spike-in. We use an autoencoder to model the variation in the control, and then interfere with neuron activations on inference to correct for these differences on the entire sample. This technique, which we term neuron interference, is unique in its ability to generalize a batch effect learned on a subpopulation to the entire population.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决高维单细胞组学数据中复杂且非线性的批次效应挑战。
  • 克服现有批次校正工具假设线性变换或依赖强建模假设的局限性。
  • 开发一种方法,将从对照亚群学习到的批次效应校正泛化至整个样本。
  • 在去除由实验变异、仪器差异或操作流程引起的实验技术伪影的同时,保持生物变异。

提出的方法

  • 在多个批次中识别一个对照亚群——可以是生物上稳定的细胞类型,或外加的内标细胞群。
  • 在对照亚群上训练自编码器,以学习潜在的批次特异性变异。
  • 在完整数据集的推理过程中,修改已训练自编码器中的神经元激活(即干扰),以将数据投影到批次校正后的潜在空间。
  • 干扰机制通过调整激活模式来抵消批次效应,从而有效将对照亚群上学到的校正效果迁移至整个细胞群体。
  • 该方法无需显式建模批次效应,而是通过对照亚群隐式学习批次效应。
  • 该方法端到端可微,且在无需微调的情况下可泛化至未见数据。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1是否可利用对照亚群在整套单细胞数据中学习并泛化批次效应校正?
  • RQ2与现有线性或参数化方法相比,神经元干扰在去除复杂非线性批次效应方面的有效性如何?
  • RQ3神经元干扰在消除技术伪影的同时,对真实生物变异的保留程度如何?
  • RQ4该方法是否可在无需事先知晓批次标签或显式建模批次信息的情况下应用?

主要发现

  • 神经元干扰在多个单细胞RNA测序和质谱流式细胞术数据集中成功去除了非线性批次效应。
  • 与假设线性偏移的传统批次校正工具相比,该方法更好地保留了生物异质性。
  • 通过使用对照亚群,该方法可将校正泛化至整个样本,且在推理阶段无需批次标签。
  • 该技术在多种实验条件和技术变异下表现出鲁棒性,包括仪器漂移和校准差异。
  • 基于自编码器的干扰机制即使在批次效应高度复杂且非线性时,也能实现有效校正。
  • 由于更好地保留了生物结构,该方法在下游分析(如聚类和轨迹推断)中优于现有方法。

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