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[论文解读] Neutrino physics with the PTOLEMY project: active neutrino properties and the light sterile case

PTOLEMY Collaboration, Betti, M. G.|INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)|Feb 14, 2019
Neutrino Physics Research参考文献 146被引用 50
一句话总结

本文概述了 PTOLEMY 项目的理论框架和对通过中微子捕获于氚来探测 Cosmic Neutrino Background 的灵敏度研究,包括对绝对中微子质量尺度的影响以及一个轻型无味中微子情形。

ABSTRACT

The PTOLEMY project aims to develop a scalable design for a Cosmic Neutrino Background (CNB) detector, the first of its kind and the only one conceived that can look directly at the image of the Universe encoded in neutrino background produced in the first second after the Big Bang. The scope of the work for the next three years is to complete the conceptual design of this detector and to validate with direct measurements that the non-neutrino backgrounds are below the expected cosmological signal. In this paper we discuss in details the theoretical aspects of the experiment and its physics goals. In particular, we mainly address three issues. First we discuss the sensitivity of PTOLEMY to the standard neutrino mass scale. We then study the perspectives of the experiment to detect the CNB via neutrino capture on tritium as a function of the neutrino mass scale and the energy resolution of the apparatus. Finally, we consider an extra sterile neutrino with mass in the eV range, coupled to the active states via oscillations, which has been advocated in view of neutrino oscillation anomalies. This extra state would contribute to the tritium decay spectrum, and its properties, mass and mixing angle, could be studied by analyzing the features in the beta decay electron spectrum.

研究动机与目标

  • 促使直接探测 Cosmic Neutrino Background (CNB) 及其在宇宙学/粒子物理学方面的意义。
  • 评估 PTOLEMY 通过 beta 衰变端点和 CNB 捕获信号对绝对中微子质量尺度的灵敏度。
  • 探讨一个轻型无味中微子(eV 量级)对 beta 谱线和 CNB 探测的影响。
  • 评估中微子质量排序和能量分辨率如何影响探测前景和事件率。

提出的方法

  • 推导 CNB 捕获率在氚上的表达,并通过 |U_{ei}|^2 与聚集因子 f_{c,i} 将其与中微子固有态联系起来。
  • 通过对 CNB 信号和 beta 背景都与给定全宽 Δ 的高斯卷积,来考虑探测器的能量分辨率。
  • 利用贝叶斯框架预测 PTOLEMY 对中微子质量尺度及无味中微子参数的灵敏度。
  • 在给定公式中,计算带有明确截面与膺弱相互作用形状因子的 beta 衰变背景谱和中微子捕获信号。
  • 通过混合元素 U_{ei} 与聚集项,评估中微子质量排序对捕获率和信号特征的影响。
Figure 1 : Expected event rates versus electron energy $E_{e}$ in a direct-detection experiment like PTOLEMY (assuming 100 g of tritium source) near the $\beta$ decay endpoint for different lightest neutrino masses and energy resolutions. Solid lines represent the total event rates convolved with a
Figure 1 : Expected event rates versus electron energy $E_{e}$ in a direct-detection experiment like PTOLEMY (assuming 100 g of tritium source) near the $\beta$ decay endpoint for different lightest neutrino masses and energy resolutions. Solid lines represent the total event rates convolved with a

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1PTOLEMY 对通过 beta 衰变端点和 CNB 捕获信号得到的标准中微子质量尺度的灵敏度是多少?
  • RQ2能量分辨率 Δ 如何影响分辨 CNB 捕获峰以高于 beta 背景的能力?
  • RQ3通过 U_{e4} 与 Δm^2_{41},轻型无味中微子(m ~ eV)对 beta 谱线和 CNB 捕获信号的预期影响是什么?
  • RQ4银河系中的中微子质量排序与潜在聚集如何改变 CNB 捕获率?

主要发现

  • 对 Dirac 中微子,在 100 g 氚上的集成 CNB 捕获信号大约为每年 4 次事件,未考虑聚集增强。
  • 在某些质量/排序条件下,Majorana 中微子可产生更大速率,可能高出一个数量级的两倍。
  • 由于聚集导致的局部遗迹中微子超密度在质量约为 60 meV 时可将捕获率提高 10–20%,在质量约为 150 meV 时可提高至约 200%,这取决于晕模型。
  • 轻型无味中微子(m4 ~ 1 eV)的存在将修改 beta 谱线,并可通过分析谱特征和混合量来约束,特别是通过 U_{e4} 与 Δm^2_{41}。
  • 在逆序数排序下的运动学特征会在 beta 谱中产生可见的拐点,因为较重的质量本征态,提供关于振荡情形的模型无关线索。
  • 探测前景对实现足够的能量分辨率以将 CNB 信号与 beta 背景区分开至关重要(Δ 必须小于相关的质量分裂)。
Figure 2 : Relative error on the reconstructed lightest neutrino mass $m_{\rm lightest}$ as a function of the fiducial lightest neutrino mass $\hat{m}_{\rm lightest}$ and the energy resolution $\Delta$ , considering 10 mg yr (top), 1 g yr or 100 g yr (bottom) of PTOLEMY data and normal ordering. The
Figure 2 : Relative error on the reconstructed lightest neutrino mass $m_{\rm lightest}$ as a function of the fiducial lightest neutrino mass $\hat{m}_{\rm lightest}$ and the energy resolution $\Delta$ , considering 10 mg yr (top), 1 g yr or 100 g yr (bottom) of PTOLEMY data and normal ordering. The

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