[论文解读] New Hierarchic Theory of Condensed Matter and its Computerized Application to Water and Ice

Alex Käiväräinen|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 26, 2001

Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation被引用 11

一句话总结

本文提出了一种新颖的量子分层凝聚态理论，将液体和固体视为三维驻波（de Broglie波、声子、红外光子）的集合，通过CAMP计算机程序实现了对水和冰的全面模拟。该理论在约300项物理性质上与实验数据高度吻合，揭示了高温下介观分子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的证据，并通过相干簇实现了动力学与热力学行为的统一。

ABSTRACT

This work contains review of original quantum Hierarchic theory of condensed matter, general for liquids and solids and its numerous branches. Computer program (copyright, 1997, Kaivarainen), based on new theory, was used for comprehensive simulations of water and ice physical properties. Condensed matter is considered as gas of 3D standing waves (collective excitations) of different nature: thermal de Broglie waves (waves B), IR photons and thermal phonons. Quantitative interrelation between microscopic, mesoscopic (as intermediate) and macroscopic properties of condensed matter are demonstrated. New theories of total internal energy, including contributions of kinetic and potential energy, heat capacity, surface tension, vapor pressure, thermal conductivity, viscosity and self-diffusion are described. Hierarchic theory of osmotic pressure, based on new state equation, new theories of light refraction, Brillouin light scattering and Mössbauer effect are presented also in article and compared with available experimental data for water and ice. Lot of hidden parameters, inaccessible for experiment, describing the dynamic and spatial properties of 24 quantum collective excitations of matter, can be calculated also, as demonstrated on examples of water and ice. Total number of physical parameters of liquids and solids in wide T-interval, including that of phase transitions, to be possible to evaluate using CAMP computer program, is about 300. The agreement between theoretical and available experimental results is very good. The evidence of high-T mesoscopic molecular Bose condensation (BC) in water and ice in form of coherent clusters is obtained. The new mechanisms of the 1st and 2nd order phase transitions, related to such clusters formation/melting, their assembly/disassembly and symmetry change is proposed. Theory unifies dynamics and thermodynamics on microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic scales in terms of quantum physics. The idea of new optoacoustic device: Comprehensive Analyzer of Matter Properties (CAMP) with huge informational possibilities, based on computer program, elaborated and its multisided applications are described. This work may be considered as a

研究动机与目标

• 开发一种适用于液体和固体的统一量子分层凝聚态理论。
• 解决缺乏将凝聚态物质微观、介观和宏观性质相联系的综合性框架的问题。
• 利用新型计算模型模拟水和冰的广泛物理性质，包括相变行为。
• 研究介观分子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的存在性及其在水和冰相变中的作用。
• 构建一种多尺度的理论与计算工具，用于预测和分析凝聚态物质的行为。

提出的方法

• 将凝聚态物质建模为三维驻波的气体，包括热de Broglie波（B波）、红外光子和热声子。
• 提出新的状态方程，并用于推导总内能、比热容、表面张力、蒸气压、热导率、黏度和自扩散系数的理论。
• 实现一个计算机程序（CAMP，1997年版权）以在宽温度范围内模拟物理性质。
• 利用CAMP程序计算24种量子集体激发模式及其动态和空间特性，包括实验无法探测的隐藏参数。
• 将该理论应用于预测和分析水和冰中的渗透压、光折射、布里渊散射及莫塞莱效应。
• 将理论预测与实验数据进行比较，以验证该模型在多种物理现象中的适用性。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 如何通过统一的量子分层理论描述凝聚态物质微观、介观和宏观性质之间的相互关系？
• RQ2 通过介观分子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚形成的相干簇在水和冰的相变中起什么作用？
• RQ3 CAMP计算机程序能否在宽温度范围内准确预测水和冰的300多项物理性质？
• RQ4 在所提出的框架下，新提出的比热容、表面张力和自扩散理论与实验数据的对比如何？
• RQ5 基于簇的形成与对称性变化，一阶和二阶相变的新机制的本质是什么？

主要发现

• 该理论在水和冰的广泛物理性质范围内，理论预测与现有实验数据高度一致。
• 获得了高温下水和冰中存在介观分子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的证据，表明存在相干簇。
• CAMP计算机程序可在宽温度区间内计算液体和固体约300项物理参数，包括相变。
• 提出了基于相干簇形成/熔化及组装/解体与对称性变化的一阶和二阶相变的新机制。
• 该理论成功地在量子物理框架内，统一了微观、介观和宏观尺度的动力学与热力学行为。
• 可计算并验证了描述物质中24种量子集体激发模式的动态与空间特征的隐藏参数，适用于水和冰。