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[论文解读] Nonlinear optics using intense optical coherent state superpositions

Theocharis Lamprou, Javier Rivera-Dean|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jun 26, 2023
Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications被引用 4
一句话总结

本文展示了在红外波段生成高强度飞秒光学薛定谔猫态,平均光子数高达约10²,从而实现非线性光学。通过在高次谐波产生后对强红外激光的量子态进行条件调控,作者实现了宏观叠加态,诱导了二次谐波产生,其量子干涉效应被记录在干涉自相关迹中——证明了该态的非经典性质。

ABSTRACT

Superpositions of coherent light states, are vital for quantum technologies. However, restrictions in existing state preparation and characterization schemes, in combination with decoherence effects, prevent their intensity enhancement and implementation in nonlinear optics. Here, by developing a decoherence--free approach, we generate intense femtosecond--duration infrared coherent state superpositions (CSS) with a mean photon number orders of magnitude higher than the existing CSS sources. We utilize them in nonlinear optics to drive the second harmonic generation process in an optical crystal. We experimentally and theoretically show that the non--classical nature of the intense infrared CSS is imprinted in the second-order autocorrelation traces. Additionally, theoretical analysis shows that the quantum features of the infrared CSS are also present in the generated second harmonic. The findings introduce the optical CSS into the realm of nonlinear quantum optics, opening up new paths in quantum information science and quantum light engineering by creating non-classical light states in various spectral regions via non-linear up-conversion processes.

研究动机与目标

  • 克服现有光学'猫'态光源光子数低的限制,该限制限制了其在非线性光学中的应用。
  • 生成具有高平均光子数的高强度、宏观叠加光场态,适用于驱动非线性过程。
  • 证明光学'猫'态中的量子干涉可通过二次谐波产生和干涉自相关测量进行探测。
  • 通过2-AC迹中拍频特征的区分,验证所生成态的非经典性质,与经典混合态相区别。

提出的方法

  • 该方法使用峰值功率高、脉冲内光子数约为10¹¹的飞秒红外激光脉冲,生成高强度相干态。
  • 通过在高次谐波产生(HHG)介质中与原子发生非线性相互作用后,对激光场施加量子态工程操作。
  • HHG过程在相干态上引入幅度位移δα,形成叠加态|CAT>± = N±(|α> ± |-α>),其中|α| ~ 10¹¹。
  • 利用生成的'猫'态在非线性晶体中驱动二次谐波产生(SHG),将红外光子上转换为蓝光频率。
  • 测量干涉自相关函数的二阶相关(2-AC)迹以探测量子干涉,信号表达式为S₊₉(τ) = η∫ dt ⌈I²(t,τ)⌉。
  • 采用经典混合态模型作为对照,确认2-AC迹中拍频图案完全源于量子干涉,而非经典统计效应。
Figure 1: Scheme for utilizing intense optical “cat” states in nonlinear optics. $\ket{\alpha_{L}(t)}$ is the IR coherent state of a $\approx 25$ fs linearly polarized laser pulse of frequency $\omega$ . HHG is the region where the Argon atoms interact with the pulse and the high harmonics are gener
Figure 1: Scheme for utilizing intense optical “cat” states in nonlinear optics. $\ket{\alpha_{L}(t)}$ is the IR coherent state of a $\approx 25$ fs linearly polarized laser pulse of frequency $\omega$ . HHG is the region where the Argon atoms interact with the pulse and the high harmonics are gener

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1能否在实验上实现平均光子数足够驱动非线性过程的光学'猫'态?
  • RQ2宏观叠加相干态中的量子干涉是否会在非线性光学响应(如二次谐波产生)中显现?
  • RQ3干涉自相关测量能否区分非经典的'猫'态与相干态的经典混合态?
  • RQ4量子态调控在从强激光场中生成高强度非经典光场态的过程中起什么作用?

主要发现

  • 作者成功在红外波段生成了平均光子数约为10²的高强度光学'猫'态,显著高于现有光源水平。
  • 使用'猫'态作为输入实现了二次谐波产生,证实该态具有足够强度以驱动非线性过程。
  • 叠加态中两个相干态之间的量子干涉在二阶干涉自相关(2-AC)迹中产生明显的拍频特征。
  • 经典混合态模型中未观察到2-AC迹中的拍频特征,证明其源于量子相干性,从而确认了态的非经典性质。
  • 测得信号S₊₉(τ)满足⌈I²⌉ ≈ ⌈n²⌉ + ⌈n⌉,其中⌈n⌉ ~ 10²,验证了处于高强度工作区域。
  • 结果表明,光学'猫'态现可作为非线性量子光学中的资源,为量子信息科学开辟了新途径。
Figure 2: Calculated 2nd order autocorrelation traces of intense optical “cat” states. (a) 2nd order interferometric autocorrelation (2-AC) trace calculated when the QS is switched off. This corresponds to a conventional 2-AC trace of a coherent light pulse. (b), (c) 2-AC traces calculated when the
Figure 2: Calculated 2nd order autocorrelation traces of intense optical “cat” states. (a) 2nd order interferometric autocorrelation (2-AC) trace calculated when the QS is switched off. This corresponds to a conventional 2-AC trace of a coherent light pulse. (b), (c) 2-AC traces calculated when the

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