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[论文解读] Novel approach for ranking DEMs: Copernicus DEM improves one arc second open global topography

Conrad Bielski, Carlos M. López-Vázquez|arXiv (Cornell University)|Feb 16, 2023
Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications被引用 11
一句话总结

本文介绍了一个 DEM 互比较框架,采用随机完全区组设计 (RCBD) 对六个 1" 全球 DEM 进行跨多样化地点的排序,发现 CopDEM 1"(以及 FABDEM)为总体最佳。

ABSTRACT

We present a practical approach to inter-compare a range of candidate digital elevation models (DEMs) based on pre-defined criteria and statistically sound ranking approach. The presented approach integrates the randomized complete block design (RCBD) into a novel framework for DEMs comparison. The method presented provides a flexible, statistically sound and customizable tool for evaluating the quality of any raster - in this case a DEM - by means of a ranking approach, which takes into account a confidence level, and can use both quantitative and qualitative criteria. The users can design their own criteria for the quality evaluation in relation to their specific needs. The application of the RCBD method to rank six 1" global DEMs, considering a wide set of study sites, covering different morphological and landcover settings, highlights the potentialities of the approach. We used a suite of criteria relating to the differences in the elevation, slope, and roughness distributions compared to reference DEMs aggregated from 1-5 m lidar-derived DEMs. Results confirmed significant superiority of CopDEM 1" and its derivative FABDEM as the overall best 1" global DEMs. They are slightly better than ALOS, and clearly outperform NASADEM and SRTM, which are in turn much better than ASTER.

研究动机与目标

  • 提供一个灵活、统计学上可靠的工具,使用预定义的标准对数字高程模型(DEMs)进行互比较。
  • 将随机完全区组设计(RCBD)整合进来,以带置信度度量对 DEM 进行排序。
  • 在具有多样形态和土地覆盖的 24 个测试区域上评估六个全球 1" DEM。
  • 使用高程、坡度和粗糙度指标量化 DEM 差异,并推导稳健统计量。
  • 支持用户定义的标准以及按土地类型的分析,以定制特定应用的 DEM 选择。

提出的方法

  • 构建一个 GIS/DEMIX 数据库,聚合每个分块统计量和一个意见表,通过预定义的公差来处理并列。
  • 针对高分辨率参考 DEM,逐像素计算高程、坡度和粗糙度(ELVD、SLPD、RUFD)的差异。
  • 从差异分布中推导统计量(STD、AVD、RMSE、MAE、LE90),以形成非负、可排序的指标。
  • 应用 RCBD 框架,在分块和标准下给出带统计支持的排名(越低越好)。
  • 将参考 DEM 转换以匹配全球 DEM 的网格和地基参量,同时通过谨慎聚合和基准转换保持高保真。
  • 提供一个 Jupyter notebook 工作流,以复现排序、图形与置信评估。
Figure 1: A) Location of the 24 test areas made up of 236 DEMIX tiles. B) Distribution of DEMIX tiles over Las Palmas Island. The names of the test areas shown on the map A: 01 – Norway [9 tiles], 02 – Oxford [4], 03 – Caen [6], 04 – Valonne [9], 05 – Vanoise [4], 06 – Trentino [1], 74 – Pyrenees [2
Figure 1: A) Location of the 24 test areas made up of 236 DEMIX tiles. B) Distribution of DEMIX tiles over Las Palmas Island. The names of the test areas shown on the map A: 01 – Norway [9 tiles], 02 – Oxford [4], 03 – Caen [6], 04 – Valonne [9], 05 – Vanoise [4], 06 – Trentino [1], 74 – Pyrenees [2

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在多标准、地点多样的评估下,哪些全球 1" DEM 表现最好?
  • RQ2CopDEM 与 FABDEM 在高程、坡度和粗糙度标准上,与其他全球 DEM(如 ALOS、NASADEM、SRTM、ASTER)相比如何?
  • RQ3结合定量与定性的混合标准,RCBD 排名能否提供统计上有力的 DEM 排名及置信度?
  • RQ4土地覆盖和坡度类别如何影响分块及标准下的 DEM 性能?

主要发现

  • CopDEM 1" 及其派生的 FABDEM 是总体最佳的 1" 全球 DEM。
  • 它们略优于 ALOS,并且显著优于 NASADEM 和 SRTM,后者又明显优于 ASTER。
  • 基于 RCBD 的排序揭示了在多样地形和土地覆盖条件下的性能差异。
  • CopDEM 和 FABDEM 在多个指标(高程、坡度、粗糙度)上表现更优,与其他候选相比。
  • 该框架支持按分块、按土地类型过滤,并可融入用户定义的公差以确定并列。
  • 该方法展示了一个透明、基于统计的开放全球地形 DEM 互比较框架的价值。
Figure 2: Tile classifications for the 24 test areas in our sample, for one landcover classification and three geomorphometric landform classifications. Areas are arranged from north to south. Legend for colors is available in Supplementary Figure 1.
Figure 2: Tile classifications for the 24 test areas in our sample, for one landcover classification and three geomorphometric landform classifications. Areas are arranged from north to south. Legend for colors is available in Supplementary Figure 1.

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