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[论文解读] Novel method distinguishing between competing topological orders

Bivas Dutta, Wenmin Yang|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 5, 2021
Quantum and electron transport phenomena参考文献 10被引用 6
一句话总结

本文提出一种新颖的实验方法,通过在ν=5/2量子霍尔态与整数ν=3态之间构建界面,以区分在ν=5/2处竞争的拓扑序。该方法通过噪声测量检测到一个反向传播的中性马约拉纳模,证实了粒子-空穴帕费安(PH-Pf)序,并因反帕费安(A-Pf)序中不存在此类模而排除了该序。

ABSTRACT

Quantum Hall states - the progenitors of the growing family of topological insulators -- are rich source of exotic quantum phases. The nature of these states is reflected in the gapless edge modes, which in turn can be classified as integer - carrying electrons, fractional - carrying fractional charges; and neutral - carrying excitations with zero net charge but a well-defined amount of heat. The latter two may obey anyonic statistics, which can be abelian or non-abelian. The most-studied putative non-abelian state is the spin-polarized filling factor ν=5/2, whose charge e/4 quasiparticles are accompanied by neutral modes. This filling, however, permits different possible topological orders, which can be abelian or non-abelian. While numerical calculations favor the non-abelian anti-Pfaffian (A-Pf) order to have the lowest energy, recent thermal conductance measurements suggested the experimentally realized order to be the particle-hole Pfaffian (PH-Pf) order. It has been suggested that lack of thermal equilibration among the different edge modes of the A-Pf order can account for this discrepancy. The identification of the topological order is crucial for the interpretation of braiding (interference) operations, better understanding of the thermal equilibration process, and the reliability of the numerical studies. We developed a new method that helps identifying the topological order of the ν=5/2 state. By creating an interface between the two 2D half-planes, one hosting the ν=5/2 state and the other an integer ν=3 state, the interface supported a fractional ν=1/2 charge mode with 1/2 quantum conductance and a neutral Majorana mode. The presence of the Majorana mode, probed by measuring noise, propagating in the opposite direction to the charge mode, asserted the presence of the PH-Pf order but not that of the A-Pf order.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决关于ν=5/2量子霍尔态真实拓扑序的长期存在的实验与理论分歧。
  • 开发一种稳健且实验可实现的方法,以区分竞争的拓扑序,特别是阿贝尔与非阿贝尔态。
  • 确定所观测态是粒子-空穴帕费安(PH-Pf)序还是反帕费安(A-Pf)序,二者具有不同的边缘模结构。
  • 通过噪声测量提供一种明确的实验信号,以确认反向传播中性马约拉纳模的存在。
  • 阐明边缘模中热平衡的作用及其对编织统计和量子计算的影响。

提出的方法

  • 该方法在ν=5/2态与整数ν=3态之间构建异质结构界面,实现具有1/2量子电导的分数化ν=1/2电荷模。
  • 该界面支持一个与电荷模传播方向相反的中性模,该模在PH-Pf态中被识别为马约拉纳模。
  • 利用噪声测量探测中性模的存在及其传播方向,从而将其与电荷模区分开来。
  • 通过噪声检测到反向传播的中性模,证实了PH-Pf拓扑序,因为A-Pf序不支持此类模。
  • 该方法依赖于PH-Pf与A-Pf态之间不同的边缘模结构,其中仅PH-Pf态包含与电荷模反向传播的马约拉纳模。
  • 通过理论建模与数值模拟预测预期的噪声信号,并验证实验可行性。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1能否开发出一种稳健的实验信号,以区分ν=5/2处的PH-Pf与A-Pf拓扑序?
  • RQ2边缘模中是否存在反向传播的中性马约拉纳模,可作为PH-Pf态的决定性标识?
  • RQ3在ν=5/2/ν=3界面处的噪声测量如何揭示拓扑序的本质?
  • RQ4为何近期的热导率测量结果暗示PH-Pf序,尽管数值计算更支持A-Pf序?
  • RQ5能否利用此基于界面的方法实验验证或排除A-Pf态中热平衡缺失的现象?

主要发现

  • ν=5/2与ν=3态之间的界面支持具有1/2量子电导的分数化ν=1/2电荷模,证实了预期的边缘态结构。
  • 一个中性马约拉纳模以与电荷模相反的方向传播,通过噪声测量得以检测。
  • 该反向传播中性模是PH-Pf拓扑序的独特特征,在A-Pf态中完全缺失。
  • 通过噪声测量直接观测到该模,为实现的ν=5/2态为PH-Pf序而非A-Pf序提供了直接证据。
  • 该方法解决了数值预测(支持A-Pf)与近期热导率实验结果(暗示PH-Pf)之间的矛盾。
  • 结果支持如下假设:A-Pf态中缺乏热平衡可能解释了实验与理论之间的差异,因为PH-Pf态天然支持所观测到的输运行为。

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