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[论文解读] Numerical modeling of carbon dioxide sequestration on the rate of pressure solution creep in limestone: Preliminary results

François Renard, Elisabeth Gundersen|ArXiv.org|Jan 3, 2008
CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions参考文献 39被引用 4
一句话总结

本研究采用二维数值模型,研究CO2封存对石灰岩中压力溶解蠕变的影响,结果表明,高CO2分压(最高达30 MPa)可使压实体积率提高50至75倍,并降低岩石基质的黏度,显著改变长期储层变形和封存能力。

ABSTRACT

When carbon dioxide (CO2) is injected into an aquifer or a depleted geological reservoir, its dissolution into solution results in acidification of the pore waters. As a consequence, the pore waters become more reactive, which leads to enhanced dissolution-precipitation processes and a modification of the mechanical and hydrological properties of the rock. This effect is especially important for limestones given that the solubility and reactivity of carbonates is strongly dependent on pH and the partial pressure of CO2. The main mechanism that couples dissolution, precipitation and rock matrix deformation is commonly referred to as intergranular pressure solution creep (IPS) or pervasive pressure solution creep (PSC). This process involves dissolution at intergranular grain contacts subject to elevated stress, diffusion of dissolved material in an intergranular fluid, and precipitation in pore spaces subject to lower stress. This leads to an overall and pervasive reduction in porosity due to both grain indentation and precipitation in pore spaces. The percolation of CO2-rich fluids may influence on-going compaction due to pressure solution and can therefore potentially affect the reservoir and its long-term CO2 storage capacity. We aim at quantifying this effect by using a 2D numerical model to study the coupling between dissolution-precipitation processes, local mass transfer, and deformation of the rock over long time scales. We show that high partial pressures of dissolved CO2 (up to 30 MPa) significantly increase the rates of compaction by a factor of ~ 50 to ~ 75, and also result in a concomitant decrease in the viscosity of the rock matrix.

研究动机与目标

  • 量化CO2富集流体注入对石灰岩储层中压力溶解蠕变的影响。
  • 理解CO2溶解引起的酸化如何增强碳酸盐岩中溶解-沉淀过程。
  • 评估高CO2分压对地质时间尺度下岩石变形和孔隙度降低的影响。
  • 模拟多孔石灰岩中质量输运、流体化学与机械压实体之间的耦合关系。
  • 评估对碳酸盐岩储层中长期CO2封存能力与储层完整性的潜在影响。

提出的方法

  • 开发二维数值模型,模拟流体化学、质量输运与岩石变形之间的相互作用。
  • 模型包含在高应力颗粒接触处的溶解和低应力孔隙空间中的沉淀,以表征颗粒间压力溶解蠕变(IPS)。
  • 化学反应受pH值和CO2分压控制,溶解速率取决于碳酸盐矿物的溶解度和流体扩散性。
  • 模型追踪在不同CO2分压条件下,孔隙度、流体化学和应力分布随时间的变化。
  • 岩石黏度根据孔隙度和矿物组成随沉淀与溶解过程的动态演变进行重新计算。
  • 在长时间尺度上进行模拟,以评估CO2富集条件下累积压实体积和渗透率演化。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1CO2分压升高如何影响石灰岩中压力溶解蠕变速率?
  • RQ2CO2引起的酸化对碳酸盐岩中溶解-沉淀过程有何影响?
  • RQ3CO2富集流体的存在如何改变岩石基质的力学性质,特别是其黏度?
  • RQ4CO2封存在多大程度上加速了石灰岩储层中的孔隙度降低和压实体积?
  • RQ5在高CO2分压条件下,对储层完整性和CO2封存能力的长期影响是什么?

主要发现

  • 溶解CO2的高分压(最高达30 MPa)使石灰岩中压力溶解蠕变速率提高50至75倍。
  • 压实体积率的提升直接归因于CO2引起的酸化导致流体反应活性增强。
  • 在高CO2条件下,岩石基质黏度显著降低,表明其力学行为出现软化效应。
  • 由于颗粒接触处溶解增强和孔隙空间中沉淀加剧,孔隙度降低被加速。
  • 模型预测化学改性和机械变形之间存在强烈耦合,对长期储层稳定性具有重要意义。
  • 这些效应表明,在CO2封存过程中,碳酸盐岩储层存在加速压实体积和潜在封存能力损失的重大风险。

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