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[论文解读] On Orchestrating Virtual Network Functions in NFV

Md. Faizul Bari, Shihabur Rahman Chowdhury|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 22, 2015
Software-Defined Networks and 5G参考文献 26被引用 93
一句话总结

本文提出了一种最优且可扩展的虚拟化网络功能编排问题(VNF-OP)解决方案,将其建模为整数线性规划(ILP)模型,并提出一种基于动态规划的启发式算法以应对大规模网络。该方法在确保服务等级协议(SLA)合规的前提下最小化运营成本,在真实拓扑的追踪驱动仿真中实现了网络OPEX最高达4倍的降低。

ABSTRACT

Middleboxes or network appliances like firewalls, proxies and WAN optimizers have become an integral part of today's ISP and enterprise networks. Middlebox functionalities are usually deployed on expensive and proprietary hardware that require trained personnel for deployment and maintenance. Middleboxes contribute significantly to a network's capital and operational costs. In addition, organizations often require their traffic to pass through a specific sequence of middleboxes for compliance with security and performance policies. This makes the middlebox deployment and maintenance tasks even more complicated. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is an emerging and promising technology that is envisioned to overcome these challenges. It proposes to move packet processing from dedicated hardware middleboxes to software running on commodity servers. In NFV terminology, software middleboxes are referred to as Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs). It is a challenging problem to determine the required number and placement of VNFs that optimizes network operational costs and utilization, without violating service level agreements. We call this the VNF Orchestration Problem (VNF-OP) and provide an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation with implementation in CPLEX. We also provide a dynamic programming based heuristic to solve larger instances of VNF-OP. Trace driven simulations on real-world network topologies demonstrate that the heuristic can provide solutions that are within 1.3 times of the optimal solution. Our experiments suggest that a VNF based approach can provide more than 4x reduction in the operational cost of a network.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决企业与ISP网络中专用硬件中间盒带来的高昂资本与运营支出问题。
  • 解决动态编排虚拟网络功能(VNFs)的挑战,以在维持服务等级协议(SLA)合规的前提下最小化网络运营成本。
  • 开发一种可扩展的VNF部署方案,平衡部署成本、能耗与转发路径效率。
  • 通过NFV与SDN原则实现灵活、经济高效且自动化的网络服务功能链。

提出的方法

  • 将虚拟网络功能编排问题(VNF-OP)建模为整数线性规划(ILP)模型,以寻找最优的VNF部署位置与数量以实现成本最小化。
  • 使用CPLEX实现ILP解决方案,针对小规模网络实例以获得最优结果。
  • 提出一种基于动态规划的启发式算法,以高效求解ILP在大规模网络中变得不可行的实例。
  • 利用SDN的全局网络视图,通过程序化配置转发规则,确保通过VNF的正确服务功能链(SFC)实现。
  • 在真实世界网络拓扑(包括Internet2研究网络)上仿真所提方法,以评估性能与成本节约效果。
  • 通过数据包标记机制追踪流量流与VNF序列,以在SFC中保持正确的处理顺序。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1如何在尊重服务等级协议的前提下,最优地部署虚拟网络功能(VNFs),以最小化网络运营成本?
  • RQ2在VNF编排中,VNF部署成本、能耗与次优转发路径之间存在何种权衡?
  • RQ3可扩展的启发式方法是否能在显著降低计算时间的前提下,实现接近最优的大规模VNF编排解决方案?
  • RQ4与传统硬件中间盒相比,基于NFV的VNF部署在多大程度上能够降低运营支出?

主要发现

  • 所提出的启发式解决方案所得结果在最优ILP解的1.3倍以内,表现出极强的近似最优性。
  • 与基于CPLEX的最优解相比,该启发式方法将计算时间减少了65至3,500倍,从而实现了对更大规模网络的可扩展性。
  • 在Internet2网络拓扑上的追踪驱动仿真显示,使用VNF相比传统硬件中间盒,网络运营支出(OPEX)降低了超过4倍。
  • 基于VNF的方法通过在通用服务器上灵活的软件化部署,显著降低了资本与运营支出,实现了显著的成本节约。
  • SDN与VNF编排的集成实现了对流量引导与VNF部署的动态、可编程与集中化控制。

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