[论文解读] On the Differential-Linear Connectivity Table of Vectorial Boolean Functions
本文通过将差分线性连通性表(DLCT)与函数的自相关性关联,利用沃尔什变换和差分分布表(DDT)对其进行表征,并推导出绝对指标的界,为向量布尔函数的差分线性连通性表(DLCT)建立了理论基础。研究证明,DLCT中最大绝对值与绝对指标一致(相差一个因子2),并表明(n,n)-置换的DLCT条目可被4整除,且在仿射等价和扩展仿射(EA)等价下保持不变,但在CCZ等价下不成立。
Vectorial Boolean functions are crucial building-blocks in symmetric ciphers. Different known attacks on block ciphers have resulted in diverse cryptographic criteria for vectorial Boolean functions, such as differential uniformity and nonlinearity. Very recently, Bar-On et al. introduced at Eurocrypt'19 a new tool, called the differential-linear connectivity table (DLCT), which allows for taking into account the dependency between the two subciphers $E_0$ and $E_1$ involved in differential-linear attacks. This new notion leads to significant improvements of differential-linear attacks on several ciphers. This paper presents a theoretical characterization of the DLCT of vectorial Boolean functions and also investigates this new criterion for some families of functions with specific forms. More precisely, we firstly reveal the connection between the DLCT and the autocorrelation of vectorial Boolean functions, we characterize properties of the DLCT by means of the Walsh transform of the function and of its differential distribution table, and we present generic bounds on the highest magnitude occurring in the DLCT of vectorial Boolean functions, which coincides (up to a factor~\(2\)) with the well-established notion of absolute indicator. Next, we investigate the invariance property of the DLCT of vectorial Boolean functions under the affine, extended-affine, and Carlet-Charpin-Zinoviev (CCZ) equivalence and exhaust the DLCT spectra of optimal $4$-bit S-boxes under affine equivalence. Furthermore, we study the DLCT of APN, plateaued and AB functions and establish its connection with other cryptographic criteria. Finally, we investigate the DLCT and the absolute indicator of some specific polynomials with optimal or low differential uniformity, including monomials, cubic functions, quadratic functions and inverses of quadratic permutations.
研究动机与目标
- 为向量布尔函数的差分线性连通性表(DLCT)提供理论表征。
- 研究DLCT与向量布尔函数自相关性之间的关联。
- 推导(n,m)-函数绝对指标的通用下界,并研究其可除性性质。
- 分析DLCT和自相关谱在仿射、扩展仿射(EA)及CCZ等价下的不变性。
- 在仿射等价下全面确定最优4比特S盒的自相关谱,并研究APN、平面化及AB函数等特殊类。
提出的方法
- 建立了DLCT与向量布尔函数自相关表之间的直接等价关系(相差一个因子2)。
- 利用函数的沃尔什变换和差分分布表(DDT)对DLCT进行表征。
- 基于DDT和沃尔什谱的性质,推导出(n,m)-函数绝对指标的通用下界,尤其针对m ≥ n的情况。
- 证明了任意(n,n)-置换的自相关系数均可被4整除,依据是向量布尔函数自相关性的可除性性质。
- 分析了自相关谱在仿射、EA和CCZ等价下的不变性,表明其在仿射等价下不变,最大绝对值在EA等价下不变,但在CCZ等价下不成立。
- 利用Leander和Poschmann的分类,全面计算了所有最优4比特S盒的自相关谱,并研究了如单项式、三次、二次函数及二次置换的逆等特殊多项式。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1向量布尔函数的DLCT与其自相关表之间有何关系?该关联能否被正式表征?
- RQ2对于(n,m)-函数,其绝对指标(即DLCT中除去第一行和第一列后的最大绝对值)的通用界是什么?其与已知密码学准则有何关联?
- RQ3DLCT在仿射、EA和CCZ等价下的不变性程度如何?这对S盒的分类有何影响?
- RQ4APN、平面化及AB函数的自相关谱与相关平衡布尔函数的沃尔什变换之间有何关系?
- RQ5单项式、三次函数、二次函数及低差分均匀度的二次置换的逆的精确自相关谱是什么?
主要发现
- 任何向量布尔函数的DLCT中最大绝对值与绝对指标一致(相差一个因子2),后者是密码学中广泛认可的度量指标。
- 任意(n,n)-置换的自相关系数均可被4整除,为这类函数的DLCT建立了强有力的结构约束。
- 自相关谱在仿射等价下不变,且最大绝对值在扩展仿射(EA)等价下不变,但在CCZ等价下不成立。
- 在n > 5时,有限域𝔽_{2^n}上Gold APN置换F(x) = x^{2^i+1}的逆函数的绝对指标严格大于2^{(n+1)/2},表明其非AB。
- 当n=5时,所有Gold APN置换的逆函数的绝对指标恰好为8,确认了最优情况下的具体数值。
- APN和AB函数的自相关性可表示为特定类平衡布尔函数的沃尔什变换,从而将DLCT特性与已知谱特性联系起来。
更好的研究,从现在开始
从阅读论文到最终审阅,大幅缩短您的研究时间。
无需绑定信用卡
本解读由 AI 生成,并经人工编辑审核。