[论文解读] On the Origin of Conceptual Difficulties of Quantum Mechanics

Volodymyr Krasnoholovets|ArXiv.org|Dec 20, 2004

Quantum Mechanics and Applications参考文献 43被引用 8

一句话总结

本文提出了一种基于四维时空框架的亚微观、实空间量子力学形式化，引入‘inerton’粒子作为量子力和物质波性质的载体。通过用由inerton介导的确定性、短程相互作用取代概率性、非定域的解释，该理论解决了波粒二象性、测量坍缩和非定域性等基础性问题，为正统量子力学提供了一种确定性替代方案，并通过金字塔状结构中的inerton辐射实验验证了其有效性。

ABSTRACT

It is the matter of fact that quantum mechanics operates with notions that are not determined in the frame of the mechanics' formalism. Among them we can call the notion of "wave-particle" (that, however, does not appear in both classical and high energy physics), the probabilistic interpretation of the Schroedinger wave ψ-function and hence the probability amplitude and its phase, long-range action, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, the passage to the so-called operators of physical values, etc. Orthodox quantum mechanics was constructed as a physical theory developed in the phase space of the mentioned notions. That is why the formalism of quantum mechanics is aimed only at detailed calculations of the stationary states of the energy of the quantum system studied and is not able to describe a real path running by the system in the real space; instead, the formalism gives an averaged probabilistic prediction. Thus, if we are able to develop quantum mechanics in the real space, an option to clarify all the difficulties associated with the above notions would appear. Such a theory of quantum mechanics developed in the real space in fact has recently been constructed by the author. The theory started from deeper first principles, namely, from the consideration of the notion of a 4D space-time. So, the notion of fundamental particle, the principles of the motion of a particle and other characteristics have been made clear. The theory, rather a submicroscopic one, is characterized by short-range action that automatically means the introduction of a new kind of carriers, i.e. carriers of the quantum mechanical force. The existence of the carriers called "inertons" (because they carry inert properties of matter) has indeed been verified in a number of experiments.

研究动机与目标

• 解决量子力学中的概念性困难，如波粒二象性、概率解释和非定域性。
• 基于四维时空和短程相互作用，发展一种亚微观、确定性的量子力学理论。
• 用实空间、因果框架取代正统量子力学中统计性、非定域的形式体系。
• 通过inerton作为物质波性质载体的动力学，解释量子现象（包括衍射、色散和纠缠）。
• 通过引入inerton作为基本实体来介导量子力，为量子行为提供物理基础。

提出的方法

• 通过将薛定谔波函数重新解释为在分格四维时空中的inerton场的表现，实现实空间中的量子力学形式化。
• 引入inerton作为携带物质惯性和量子力学性质的基本准粒子。
• 将量子相互作用建模为由粒子周围inerton云介导的短程、确定性过程。
• 将海森堡不确定性原理视为inerton场涨落的结果，而非基本公设。
• 通过inerton相互作用解释衍射和色散现象，取代经典光学中波传播的需要。
• 通过在大型结构（如金字塔）中使用URGA-1装置检测inerton辐射，验证该理论。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 量子力学中的概念困难由何引起？能否通过在实空间而非抽象相空间中重新解释理论来解决？
• RQ2 波粒二象性与波函数的概率解释能否通过一种确定性、亚微观机制加以解释？
• RQ3 能否不借助非定域影响，而通过inerton介导的短程相互作用来解释非定域性和纠缠？
• RQ4 光波和物质波的衍射与色散的物理起源是什么？能否通过inerton场加以解释？
• RQ5 贝尔不等式的违背能否在不引入非定域性的情况下得到解释？如果可以，其机制是什么？

主要发现

• 该理论通过用基于四维时空的确定性实空间模型取代非定域、概率性形式体系，解决了量子力学的基础性问题。
• inerton——携带惯性和量子力学性质的准粒子——为物质波和量子力的介导提供了物理解释机制。
• 已通过URGA-1装置在有效尺寸超过1米的金字塔状结构中成功实验检测到inerton辐射。
• 贝尔不等式的违背由海森堡不确定性原理和可观测量的不相容性解释，而非非定域性，从而消除了对非定域影响的需要。
• 衍射图样源于粒子或光子与周围inerton云的相互作用，而无衍射的光子传播则由这些云中无散射所解释。
• 引力波被亚微观量子力学排除，因其与短程inerton介导框架不相容。