[论文解读] Optical Quasiparticles: Skyrmions, Bimerons and Skyrmionic Hopfions in Paraxial Laser Beams

A. Srinivasa Rao, Yuto Yoneda+1 more|ArXiv.org|Jan 18, 2025

Laser-Ablation Synthesis of Nanoparticles被引用 3

一句话总结

一个关于轴向矢量激光束中 skyrmions、merons、bimerons 和 skyrmionic hopfions 的主题综述，聚焦它们在 Stokes 场中的拓扑纹理、生成方法及潜在应用。

ABSTRACT

Skyrmions, merons, bimerons, and skyrmionic hopfions are quasiparticles which have stable topological textures. They have been observed across multiple physical domains including nucleons, water waves, magnetic materials, electromagnetic fields, condensed-matter physics, liquid crystals, and Bose-Einstein condensates. The nontrivial topological texture of these quasiparticles exhibited promising applications across several research fields including cosmology, particle physics, superfluids, high-energy physics, optics, condensed matter, early-universe cosmology, cold quantum matter, and liquid crystals. These quasiparticles have most recently been observed in paraxial vector beams. Due to the inhomogeneous polarization distribution of vector beams, the quasiparticle textures reside in the Stokes vector fields. Here, we review recent developments in paraxial quasiparticle research and provide detailed information on their fundamental properties and future prospects. We discuss various techniques which have been used to experimentally generate these quasiparticles and we examine a number of their proposed applications. Notably, this review offers insight into the concepts and techniques which can be applied to the generation of optical skyrmions in paraxial laser beams, and investigates their intriguing applications across both fundamental and applied optics.

研究动机与目标

• 在多物理领域中，推动并综述轴向矢量波束中拓扑准粒子的存在。
• 总结光学 skyrmions、merons、bimerons 和 skyrmionic hopfions 在 Stokes 场中的基本特性与稳定性。
• 描述实验生成技术并勾勒在光学及相关领域的潜在应用。

提出的方法

• 综述现有文献中轴向向量波束的拓扑纹理。
• 解释由于偏振非均匀而在斯托克斯向量场中如何表示准粒子纹理。
• 综合光学 skyrmions 及相关纹理的生成技术与实验演示。
• 突出理论概念和在轴向波束中光学准粒子的实际前景。

实验结果

研究问题

• RQ1 在轴向向量波束中以准粒子形式展现的拓扑纹理类型有哪些（skyrmions、merons、bimerons、skyrmionic hopfions）？
• RQ2 这些纹理在轴向光束的 Stokes 向量场中是如何表示与检测的？
• RQ3 哪些实验方法能够生成光学 skyrmions 与相关准粒子，它们能实现哪些应用？

主要发现

• 具有稳定拓扑纹理的光学准粒子可以存在于轴向向量波束的 Stokes 场中。
• 存在多种在光学环境中实验生成这些准粒子的技术。
• 这些准粒子在基础与应用光学及相关学科中具有潜在应用前景。