[论文解读] Optimal design of two-dimensional riser fairings for vortex-induced vibration suppression based on genetic algorithm
本研究采用基于遗传算法的二维立管整流罩形状优化方法,以抑制低雷诺数下的涡激振动(VIV)。通过使用贝齐尔曲线对整流罩轮廓进行参数化,并以阻力系数最小化为目标,最优的水滴形整流罩在2自由度(2-DOF)条件下使VIV振幅降低高达99%,阻力降低51%;而在3自由度(3-DOF)流场环境中,尾鳍状结构则确保了稳定性。
Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) manifests its destructiveness on marine risers in deep-water oil and gas development. Many types of riser fairings are employed in the practical applications of ocean engineering due to their effectiveness in suppressing VIV. However, few reports have been found on the optimal design of the fairing profile. In this study, we conduct shape optimization by integrating computational fluid dynamics and genetic algorithm at a low Reynolds number. The fairing profile is parameterized by Bézier curves with control points adopted as design variables, and lift coefficient is selected as the objective function to obtain optimal fairing. The optimal solution shows that the water-drop-shaped fairing presents a high performance in the condition of two degrees of freedom (DOFs), whereas the caudal fin-like-shaped fairing has good stability in 3-DOF condition. Optimization results indicate that the water-drop-shaped fairing suppresses amplitude up to 99% and reduces drag coefficient by almost 51% at Ur=5.0 for the 2-DOF condition. For the 3-DOF condition, the formation of two symmetric vorticities with opposite directions generated at the bilateral of the optimal fairing leads to fairing stability in flow.
研究动机与目标
- 为解决海洋工程中立管整流罩缺乏系统性最优设计方法的问题。
- 抑制深水立管中的涡激振动(VIV),以防止结构疲劳与失效。
- 开发一种集成计算流体动力学(CFD)与遗传算法的形状优化框架,用于整流罩轮廓设计。
- 识别能够最小化升力系数并提升在不同自由度(DOFs)下稳定性的最优整流罩几何形状。
提出的方法
- 使用控制点作为设计变量,通过贝齐尔曲线对整流罩轮廓进行参数化。
- 采用计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟流固耦合效应并计算升力系数。
- 应用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)以搜索最优整流罩形状。
- 针对两种工况进行优化:两自由度(2-DOF)与三自由度(3-DOF)运动状态。
- 以升力系数作为主要目标函数,以最小化涡激振动引起的力。
- 在低雷诺数(Ur = 5.0)条件下进行仿真,以评估受控流场条件下的性能。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1在2-DOF运动条件下,何种整流罩轮廓几何形状可使海洋立管的涡激升力最小化?
- RQ2与2-DOF相比,最优整流罩在3-DOF运动条件下的稳定性与性能有何差异?
- RQ3基于贝齐尔曲线的参数化方法是否能有效表征并优化整流罩轮廓以实现VIV抑制?
- RQ4在3-DOF条件下,与稳定整流罩性能相关的流动结构(如涡流)有哪些?
- RQ5基于遗传算法的优化在多大程度上可降低VIV振幅与阻力系数?
主要发现
- 在Ur = 5.0的2-DOF条件下,水滴形整流罩使涡激振动振幅最大降低99%。
- 在2-DOF构型中,最优水滴形整流罩的阻力系数降低了约51%。
- 在3-DOF条件下,最优尾鳍状整流罩因在两侧形成两个对称的反向旋转涡流而表现出增强的稳定性。
- 3-DOF最优整流罩产生的对称涡流结构有助于平衡升力,从而降低动态响应。
- 遗传算法成功识别出优于传统形状的优越整流罩几何形状,在振幅抑制与阻力降低方面表现更优。
- CFD与遗传算法的集成实现了对复杂设计空间的高效探索,显著提升了整流罩优化效率。
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