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[论文解读] Optimal Scheduling of Electricity and Water in Renewable-Colocated Desalination Plants

Ahmed S. Alahmed, Audun Botterud|arXiv (Cornell University)|Jan 5, 2026
Membrane Separation Technologies被引用 0
一句话总结

该论文为可再生能源接入的淡化水厂提供一个用于最优水电调度的分析框架,将WDPs建模为带阈值的、闭式调度策略的混合发电机-负载资源。

ABSTRACT

We develop a mathematical framework for the optimal scheduling of flexible water desalination plants (WDPs) as hybrid generator-load resources. WDPs integrate thermal generation, membrane-based controllable loads, and renewable energy sources, offering unique operational flexibility for power system operations. They can simultaneously participate in two markets: selling desalinated water to a water utility, and bidirectionally transacting electricity with the grid based on their net electricity demand. We formulate the scheduling decision problem of a profit-maximizing WDP, capturing operational, technological, and market-based coupling between water and electricity flows. The threshold-based structure we derive provides computationally tractable coordination suitable for large-scale deployment, offering operational insights into how thermal generation and membrane-based loads complementarily provide continuous bidirectional flexibility. The thresholds are analytically characterized in closed form as explicit functions of technology and tariff parameters. We examine how small changes in the exogenous tariff and technology parameters affect the WDP's profit. Extensive simulations illustrate the optimal WDP's operation, profit, and water-electricity exchange, demonstrating significant improvements relative to benchmark algorithms.

研究动机与目标

  • 在水能源交汇处激发对灵活、双向水能源资源的需求。
  • 发展一个分析框架,最优调度WDPs作为混合发电机-负载资源。
  • 刻画最优调度的结构特性并提供可离线使用的阈值以实现可扩展部署。
  • 量化关税和技术参数对WDP利润与运营的影响。

提出的方法

  • 将TDP和RODP建模为耦合的淡化单元,在容量约束下生产水和电。
  • 将以水收入和双向电力支付为目标的利润最大化调度问题公式化。
  • 证明利润函数的凹性,以保证全局最优解。
  • 推导出四阈值结构(TDP)和两阈值结构(RODP),以约束最优调度。
  • 给出 optimal setpoints 与阈值的闭式表达式,作为与关税和换算系数的函数。
  • 分析特殊关税情形并进行仿真以与基准方案比较。)
Figure 1: WDP as a hybrid generator-load resource. The water (power) output of the thermal desalination plant (TDP) and reverse osmosis desalination plant (RODP) is denoted by $w_{h},w_{r}\;(q_{h},q_{r})\in\mathbb{R}_{+}$ , respectively. The renewable generation and net consumption are denoted by $g
Figure 1: WDP as a hybrid generator-load resource. The water (power) output of the thermal desalination plant (TDP) and reverse osmosis desalination plant (RODP) is denoted by $w_{h},w_{r}\;(q_{h},q_{r})\in\mathbb{R}_{+}$ , respectively. The renewable generation and net consumption are denoted by $g

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1一个 colocated 的可再生能源淡化厂应如何在双向电网互动下实现水和电输出的最优调度以最大化利润?
  • RQ2最优调度的结构(阈值、模式)是什么,以及它如何取决于关税、换算系数和可再生发电?
  • RQ3特殊关税情形如何影响WDP的最优调度和盈利能力?
  • RQ4就地可再生发电水平对与公用事业的水电交易及整体利润有何影响?
  • RQ5WDP在不同可再生情景下作为灵活电网资源(进口、净零、出口)时的行为如何?

主要发现

  • 最优WDP调度对TDP水呈现四阈值结构,对RODP水呈现两阈值结构,按可再生发电水平划分。
  • WDP可通过阈值转换在进口、净零和出口三种电网互动模式之间切换,这些模式依赖关税和换算系数而非仅依赖可再生能源。
  • 水和电力调度对可再生输出具有单调性和分段线性性质,从而实现闭式设定点。
  • RDP(RODP)对电网调度独立于进口/出口价格,而TDP的决策依赖于水和电的边际综合价值。
  • 阈值可离线计算,且在可再生发电增加时利润呈单调增大,利润随水价、出口价和换算系数上升而上升,而随进口价下降而下降。
  • 特定关税情形会为RODP和TDP导致简化的两阈值策略,展示边界行为。
  • 仿真表明在运营、利润及水电交换方面相较基准策略有显著改进。
Figure 2: Optimal WDP dispatch across electricity operating modes (IM: import, NZ: net-zero, EX: export).
Figure 2: Optimal WDP dispatch across electricity operating modes (IM: import, NZ: net-zero, EX: export).

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