[论文解读] Optimization of Sequential Microwave-Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Maximum Recovery of Quercetin and Total Flavonoids from Red Onion (Allium cepa L.) Skin Wastes
本研究通过响应面法优化了顺序微波-超声波辅助提取工艺,以最大化从红洋葱皮废料中提取槲皮素(10.32%)和总黄酮(12.52%)。最佳条件为:70 °C下微波辐照60 s,随后进行15 min超声处理,使用70%乙醇(溶剂/固比30 mL/g),实验结果接近预测值,且优于单一方法的提取效果。
This study aimed to optimize the extraction conditions in order to maximize the recovery yields of quercetin and total flavonoids from red onion skin wastes using sequential microwave-ultrasound-assisted extraction. Five effective factors on quercetin extraction yield were investigated using response surface methodology. The method was successfully performed under optimal conditions of 60 s microwave irradiation followed by 15 min sonication at 70 °C, 70% ethanol with solvent to solid ratio of 30 mL/g. Based on the optimization results, ultrasound temperature was found to be a highly significant and influential factor for the recovery. The maximum recovery yields of quercetin and total flavonoids from red onion skin were estimated to be 10.32 and 12.52%, respectively. The predicted values for quercetin (10.05%) and total flavonoids (12.72%) were very close to the experimental results. The recovery yields obtained from different extraction methods were as follows: ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction (7.66% quercetin and 10.18% total flavonoids), ultrasound-assisted extraction (5.36% quercetin and 8.34% total flavonoids), and microwave-assisted extraction (5.03% quercetin and 7.91 % total flavonoids). The validity of the projected model was examined by the obtained experimental data; in which, the validated model was suitable for the recovery of the valuable products from onion skin wastes for further scale-up in the food processes.
研究动机与目标
- 开发并优化一种顺序微波-超声波辅助提取工艺,以最大化从红洋葱皮废料中回收槲皮素和总黄酮。
- 利用响应面法识别影响提取率的最关键操作参数。
- 比较顺序法与单一模式微波或超声波提取的性能差异。
- 验证预测模型在食品加工工业应用中的可扩展性。
提出的方法
- 采用响应面法(Box-Behnken设计)评估五个独立变量:微波时间、超声时间、温度、乙醇浓度和溶剂/固比。
- 提取过程采用两步顺序操作:先进行微波辐照(60 s),随后进行超声处理(15 min)。
- 通过统计建模和偏好函数法确定最优条件,以同时最大化槲皮素和总黄酮的产量。
- 使用70%乙醇在70 °C下进行提取,溶剂/固比为30 mL/g。
- 采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定产量,并与预测值进行验证。
- 通过比较实验结果与预测值,验证了模型的预测准确性。
实验结果
研究问题
- RQ1如何确定顺序微波-超声波辅助提取的最优条件,以最大化从红洋葱皮废料中提取槲皮素?
- RQ2在微波时间、超声时间、温度、乙醇浓度和溶剂/固比中,哪些参数对槲皮素和总黄酮回收率影响最大?
- RQ3与单一模式的微波或超声波提取相比,顺序微波-超声波方法在效率上有何差异?
- RQ4响应面模型预测的产量与实验结果的吻合程度如何?
- RQ5该优化后的模型是否可可靠地实现工业化放大,适用于食品加工领域?
主要发现
- 槲皮素的最大实验回收率为10.32%,与预测值10.05%非常接近。
- 总黄酮的最大实验回收率为12.52%,略低于预测值12.72%,但依然具有高度准确性。
- 超声温度被确定为显著影响并提升提取率的最关键因素。
- 顺序微波-超声波方法优于单一模式方法,槲皮素产量达7.66%,总黄酮达10.18%;而仅使用微波法的产量为5.03%和7.91%,仅使用超声波法的产量为5.36%和8.34%。
- 经验证的模型表现出高度可靠性,支持其在食品应用中实现工艺放大的可行性。
- 溶剂/固比30 mL/g、70%乙醇和70 °C的温度是实现最佳产量的关键因素。
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