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[论文解读] OxIOD: The Dataset for Deep Inertial Odometry

Changhao Chen, Peijun Zhao|arXiv (Cornell University)|Sep 20, 2018
Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies参考文献 24被引用 59
一句话总结

OxIOD 发布了一个大型且多样化的惯性测程数据集,包含158个序列的真实标签,总长度为42.587公里,推动基于学习的惯性导航研究。

ABSTRACT

Advances in micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) techniques enable inertial measurements units (IMUs) to be small, cheap, energy efficient, and widely used in smartphones, robots, and drones. Exploiting inertial data for accurate and reliable navigation and localization has attracted significant research and industrial interest, as IMU measurements are completely ego-centric and generally environment agnostic. Recent studies have shown that the notorious issue of drift can be significantly alleviated by using deep neural networks (DNNs), e.g. IONet. However, the lack of sufficient labelled data for training and testing various architectures limits the proliferation of adopting DNNs in IMU-based tasks. In this paper, we propose and release the Oxford Inertial Odometry Dataset (OxIOD), a first-of-its-kind data collection for inertial-odometry research, with all sequences having ground-truth labels. Our dataset contains 158 sequences totalling more than 42 km in total distance, much larger than previous inertial datasets. Another notable feature of this dataset lies in its diversity, which can reflect the complex motions of phone-based IMUs in various everyday usage. The measurements were collected with four different attachments (handheld, in the pocket, in the handbag and on the trolley), four motion modes (halting, walking slowly, walking normally, and running), five different users, four types of off-the-shelf consumer phones, and large-scale localization from office buildings. Deep inertial tracking experiments were conducted to show the effectiveness of our dataset in training deep neural network models and evaluate learning-based and model-based algorithms. The OxIOD Dataset is available at: http://deepio.cs.ox.ac.uk

研究动机与目标

  • 提供一个大型、多样化、带标签的惯性里程计数据集以推动基于学习的惯性导航。
  • 在不同设备放置下捕捉日常行人动作,以反映真实世界中的使用情况。
  • 使惯性里程计和行人死算的深度学习模型的训练与评估成为可能。
  • 提供精确的真实轨迹,以支持对模型和基线的客观基准测试。

提出的方法

  • 使用市售智能手机,将其放置在四种固定方式(手持、口袋、手袋、手推车)收集总计42.587公里的158条惯性序列。
  • 对大多数序列使用Vicon运动捕捉系统(0.5 mm精度)记录高精度地面真实数据;对于大规模办公楼层数据,使用Google Tango作为伪地面真实数据。
  • 在五个用户中改变动作(停顿、慢步行、正常步行、奔跑)和设备(iPhone 7 Plus、6、5、Nexus 5)。
  • 在 OxIOD 数据上训练和评估基于 IONet 的学习型惯性里程计模型以及简单的 PDR 基线。
  • 使用循环神经网络展示从原始惯性数据的速度与航向回归,以及端到端的二维轨迹重构。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在多样的设备放置和运动模式下,训练于 OxIOD 的深度学习模型是否能从原始惯性数据中准确重建行人轨迹?
  • RQ2在 OxIOD 的地面真实轨迹上评估时,基于模型的惯性里程计与数据驱动方法的比较如何?
  • RQ3连接类型、运动模式和设备对惯性里程计性能的影响是什么?
  • RQ4OxIOD 是否适合训练模型以在现实世界场景中对新用户和新设备具泛化能力?

主要发现

  • 一个 DeepIO (IONet) 模型可以从原始惯性数据重建二维轨迹,并在不同附着方式下实现速度和航向回归。
  • 来自 Vicon 的地面真实数据为132条序列提供了0.5 mm的精度(不包括大规模子集),实现精确评估。
  • OxIOD 包含158条序列,总计42.587公里和14.72小时的记录,在规模和多样性方面超过大多数之前的惯性里程计数据集。
  • 使用 Google Tango 的大规模定位数据在两层办公楼提供伪地面真实,用于评估长轨迹。
  • PDR 基线在非步态放置(如手推车)上失败,而学习型方法在多样的现实放置中显示出有效性。

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