Skip to main content
QUICK REVIEW

[论文解读] Oxygen in dense interstellar gas - the oxygen abundance of the star forming core rho Oph A

René Liseau, K. Justtanont|arXiv (Cornell University)|Mar 20, 2009
Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies参考文献 47被引用 6
一句话总结

本研究利用ISO/CAM-CVF和LWS对H₂和[O I]谱线的观测,测定ρ Oph A致密星体形成核心中的氧丰度。研究发现存在三种可能的氧丰度情景:扩展的低密度气体具有标准丰度、致密的高密度气体具有标准丰度,或扩展的高密度气体具有降低的丰度[O/H] ≈ 2×10⁻⁵;由于化学演化预期,更倾向于选择第三种情景。

ABSTRACT

Oxygen is the third most abundant element in the universe, but its chemistry in the interstellar medium is still not well understood. In order to critically examine the entire oxygen budget, we attempt here initially to estimate the abundance of atomic oxygen, O, in the only one region, where molecular oxygen, O2, has been detected to date. We analyse ISOCAM-CVF spectral image data toward rho Oph A to derive the temperatures and column densities of H2 at the locations of ISO-LWS observations of two [OI] 3P_J lines. The intensity ratios of the (J=1-2) 63um to (J=0-1) 145um lines largely exceed ten, attesting to the fact that these lines are optically thin. This is confirmed by radiative transfer calculations, making these lines suitable for abundance determinations. For that purpose, we calculate line strengths and compare them to the LWS observations. Excess [OI] emission is observed to be associated with the molecular outflow from VLA 1623. For this region, we determine the physical parameters, T and N(H2), from the CAM observations and the gas density, n(H2), is determined from the flux ratio of the [O I]63um and [O I]145um lines. For the oxygen abundance, our analysis leads to essentially three possibilities: (1) Extended low density gas with standard ISM O-abundance, (2) Compact high density gas with standard ISM O-abundance and (3) Extended high density gas with reduced oxygen abundance, [O/H] ~ 2E-5. As option (1) disregards valid [O I] 145um data, we do not find it very compelling; we favour option (3), as lower abundances are expected as a result of chemical cloud evolution, but we are not able to dismiss option (2) entirely. Observations at higher angular resolution than offered by the LWS are required to decide between these possibilities.

研究动机与目标

  • 确定ρ Oph A星体形成核心中致密星际介质的氧丰度。
  • 解决分子氧(O₂)已被探测到的区域中的氧预算问题。
  • 评估物理条件——温度、密度和柱密度——对氧丰度测定的影响。
  • 评估在致密云中由于化学演化导致的氧消耗的多种竞争模型。

提出的方法

  • 分析ISOCAM-CVF谱像数据,以推导ρ Oph A区域中H₂转动能级线的温度和柱密度。
  • 利用LWS对[O I] 63 μm和145 μm谱线的观测,通过线强度比分析确定气体密度和氧丰度。
  • 辐射转移计算证实[O I]谱线光学厚度较低,验证其适用于丰度测定。
  • 将观测到的谱线强度与理论模型进行比较,以约束物理参数和氧丰度。
  • 应用转动图法分析H₂谱线,排除S(7)线以避免温度梯度引起的弯曲效应。
  • 评估临界密度和光学厚度条件,以确认H₂谱线满足局部热动平衡(LTE)且为光学薄发射。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在具有分子喷流的区域中,ρ Oph A致密核心的氧丰度是多少?
  • RQ2观测到的[O I]谱线强度比在多大程度上约束了气体的物理条件(温度、密度、柱密度)?
  • RQ3在三种可能的丰度情景中——(1)扩展的低密度气体中具有标准丰度,(2)致密的高密度气体中具有标准丰度,(3)扩展的高密度气体中具有降低的丰度——哪一种最符合观测数据?
  • RQ4温度梯度或非LTE效应在多大程度上影响了基于H₂和[O I]谱线的丰度测定的可靠性?
  • RQ5化学演化在致密星际云中降低氧丰度的过程中起什么作用?

主要发现

  • [O I] 63 μm与145 μm谱线的强度比远大于十,证实谱线光学厚度较低,适用于丰度分析。
  • 过量的[O I]辐射与VLA 1623的分子喷流相关,表明其为激波激发。
  • 喷流区域的H₂气体在大范围内表现出约1000 K的均匀温度,支持单温度近似。
  • H₂谱线光学厚度较低,因为柱密度远低于光学厚度效应的阈值(N(H₂) ≪ 1.5×10²² cm⁻²)。
  • S(7) H₂谱线的临界密度低于平均H₂密度(3×10⁵ cm⁻³),支持局部热动平衡(LTE)的假设。
  • 存在三种可行的氧丰度情景:(1)扩展的低密度气体中具有标准[O/H],(2)致密的高密度气体中具有标准[O/H],或(3)扩展的高密度气体中具有降低的[O/H] ≈ 2×10⁻⁵;由于化学演化预期,情景(3)更受青睐。

更好的研究,从现在开始

从阅读论文到最终审阅,大幅缩短您的研究时间。

无需绑定信用卡

本解读由 AI 生成,并经人工编辑审核。