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[论文解读] Path loss, beamforming gain and time dynamics measurements at 28 GHz for 90% indoor coverage.

Dmitry Chizhik, Jinfeng Du|arXiv (Cornell University)|Dec 18, 2017
Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling参考文献 21被引用 12
一句话总结

本研究利用窄带信道探测仪对28 GHz室内环境进行了广泛测量,以表征90%覆盖范围下的路径损耗、波束成形增益及时间特性。结果表明,信号绕过拐角或进入房间时,额外损耗达30–32 dB;系统仿真显示,为在1 GHz带宽下实现90%位置的1 Gbps速率,每个走廊均需部署接入点。

ABSTRACT

Achieving adequate coverage with high gain antennas is key to realizing the full promise of the wide bandwidth available at mm/cm bands. We report extensive indoor measurements at 28 GHz, with over 1000 links with and without Line-of-Sight (LOS) using a specialized narrowband channel sounder, capable of reliable measurements up to 171 dB path loss to characterize 90% coverage. Azimuthal power spectra were captured with 1-deg granularity using a 10-deg receive horn spun at speeds up to 300 rpm. Measured path gain-distance dependence in LOS and NLOS are well represented by power-law models, with 3.1 dB standard deviation in NLOS, and by a mode-diffusion model with 3.5 dB RMS error. Excess loss at 28 GHz suffered in turning a corner or into a room was found to be 30 and 32 dB respectively, in contrast to 20 dB found previously at 2 GHz. Degradation of azimuthal gain by scattering was within 4 dB in the hallway and 7 dB inside a room with 90% probability. System simulations in a canonical building indicate that every hallway needs an access point to provide 1 Gbps rate in 90% of locations using 1 GHz of bandwidth. For stationary terminals, with temporal fading caused by pedestrians, long term average-power-based aiming was within 3.7 dB of rapid beam switching in 90% of high traffic locations.

研究动机与目标

  • 量化28 GHz频段在有/无视距(LOS)条件下的室内环境路径损耗与波束成形性能。
  • 确定在28 GHz频段下,信号绕过拐角或进入房间时产生的额外路径损耗。
  • 评估散射对走廊及室内房间中波束成形增益的影响。
  • 评估在28 GHz频段使用1 GHz带宽时,实现90%室内位置1 Gbps数据速率的可行性。
  • 比较行人引起的时变衰落下,长期平均功率波束成形与快速波束切换的性能差异。

提出的方法

  • 使用专用窄带信道探测仪,在28 GHz频段进行超过1,000次室内链路测量,可测量高达171 dB的路径损耗。
  • 通过以最高300 rpm速度旋转的10度接收喇叭,以1度分辨率捕获方位功率谱。
  • 采用幂律模型对视距(LOS)与非视距(NLOS)条件下的路径损耗-距离关系进行建模。
  • 应用模式扩散模型对NLOS传播进行表征,均方根误差为3.5 dB。
  • 在典型建筑中仿真系统性能,以确定实现1 Gbps覆盖所需的接入点密度。
  • 通过比较长期平均功率波束成形与在行人引起的时间衰落下的快速波束切换,评估波束成形策略。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1在28 GHz频段的视距与非视距室内环境中,路径损耗-距离关系如何?幂律函数建模效果如何?
  • RQ2在28 GHz频段下,信号绕过拐角或进入房间时的额外路径损耗是多少?与低频段相比有何差异?
  • RQ3在90%概率下,走廊与室内房间中的散射导致的波束成形增益退化程度如何?
  • RQ4在28 GHz频段使用1 GHz带宽时,为实现90%室内位置的1 Gbps数据速率,所需接入点密度是多少?
  • RQ5在行人引起的时间衰落下,长期平均功率波束成形与快速波束切换在性能上如何比较?

主要发现

  • 使用幂律函数建模时,28 GHz非视距(NLOS)路径损耗的标准差为3.1 dB。
  • 绕过拐角时测得额外损耗为30 dB,进入房间时为32 dB,显著高于2 GHz频段下测得的20 dB。
  • 在90%概率下,走廊中因散射导致的波束成形增益退化不超过4 dB,室内房间中不超过7 dB。
  • 系统仿真表明,为在1 GHz带宽下实现90%位置的1 Gbps速率,每个走廊均需部署一个接入点。
  • 对于静止终端,长期平均功率波束成形在90%高流量位置的性能与快速波束切换相差不超过3.7 dB。

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