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[论文解读] Patient-independent Epileptic Seizure Prediction using Deep Learning Models

Theekshana Dissanayake, Tharindu Fernando|arXiv (Cornell University)|Nov 18, 2020
EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces参考文献 27被引用 6
一句话总结

本文提出两种与患者无关的深度学习模型——具体为孪生CNN和标准CNN——在多患者EEG数据上进行训练,以提前最多一小时预测癫痫发作。孪生模型在CHB-MIT-EEG数据集上达到91.54%的准确率,优于先前工作,并通过SHAP分析实现模型解释,揭示MFCC特征中的预测生物标志物。

ABSTRACT

Objective: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological diseases among humans and can lead to severe brain injuries, strokes, and brain tumors. Early detection of seizures can help to mitigate injuries, and can be used to aid the treatment of patients with epilepsy. The purpose of a seizure prediction system is to successfully identify the pre-ictal brain stage, which occurs before a seizure event. Patient-independent seizure prediction models are designed to offer accurate performance across multiple subjects within a dataset, and have been identified as a real-world solution to the seizure prediction problem. However, little attention has been given for designing such models to adapt to the high inter-subject variability in EEG data. Methods: We propose two patient-independent deep learning architectures with different learning strategies that can learn a global function utilizing data from multiple subjects. Results: Proposed models achieve state-of-the-art performance for seizure prediction on the CHB-MIT-EEG dataset, demonstrating 88.81% and 91.54% accuracy respectively. Conclusions: The Siamese model trained on the proposed learning strategy is able to learn patterns related to patient variations in data while predicting seizures. Significance: Our models show superior performance for patient-independent seizure prediction, and the same architecture can be used as a patient-specific classifier after model adaptation. We are the first study that employs model interpretation to understand classifier behavior for the task for seizure prediction, and we also show that the MFCC feature map utilized by our models contains predictive biomarkers related to interictal and pre-ictal brain states.

研究动机与目标

  • 解决EEG数据中高个体间差异性带来的癫痫发作预测挑战。
  • 开发一种无需依赖个体患者微调即可在多个受试者间泛化的与患者无关的深度学习模型。
  • 通过利用多样化EEG记录中的共享模式,提升癫痫发作预测性能。
  • 实现模型解释,以理解哪些EEG特征和导联对预测有贡献。
  • 通过有限数据展示模型在个体患者适应中的迁移学习潜力。

提出的方法

  • 提出两种深度学习架构:孪生CNN和标准CNN,均在多患者EEG数据上进行训练。
  • 采用一种新颖的学习策略,使孪生模型即使在存在个体间差异性的情况下也能学习全局模式。
  • 从EEG信号中提取梅尔频率倒谱系数(MFCCs)作为输入特征,以捕捉频谱动态特性。
  • 应用t-SNE可视化和SHAP(SHapley Additive exPlanations)分析模型决策,识别预测生物标志物。
  • 实施迁移学习,利用有限数据将预训练的与患者无关模型适配至个体患者。
  • 采用留一患者排除(LOPO)验证策略,评估模型对完全未见受试者的泛化能力。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1深度学习模型能否在多样化EEG记录中实现与患者无关的癫痫发作预测的高准确率?
  • RQ2所提出的模型在保持预测性能的同时,如何处理EEG信号中的个体间差异性?
  • RQ3MFCC特征在捕捉发作前期与发作间期脑状态转换中发挥何种作用?
  • RQ4在仅使用有限数据的情况下,与患者无关的模型在多大程度上可通过迁移学习适配至个体患者?
  • RQ5如SHAP等模型解释技术能否揭示EEG基癫痫发作预测中的生物学上有意义的生物标志物?

主要发现

  • 孪生CNN模型在CHB-MIT-EEG数据集上达到91.54%的准确率,优于当前最先进方法。
  • 标准CNN模型达到88.81%的准确率,表明其在与患者无关的癫痫发作预测中表现优异。
  • SHAP分析表明,MFCC特征中包含与发作前期和发作间期脑状态相关的预测生物标志物。
  • 迁移学习使个体患者预测性能达到96.67% ± 3.62%的准确率,即使数据有限也表现良好。
  • 在24例受试者中,有11例完全未见受试者中准确率超过60%,表明模型具备良好的鲁棒性。
  • t-SNE可视化证实,模型在不同受试者间学习到了有意义且可分离的发作前期与发作间期状态表征。

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