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[论文解读] Performance Analysis of Large Intelligent Surfaces (LISs): Asymptotic Data Rate and Channel Hardening Effects

Minchae Jung, Walid Saad|arXiv (Cornell University)|Oct 12, 2018
Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies被引用 6
一句话总结

本文针对上行链路大规模MIMO类系统中的大规模智能表面(LIS)进行了渐近性能分析,考虑了实际受限因素,如信道估计误差、空间相关瑞利衰落以及硬件损伤。推导了渐近遍历速率,并证明随着LIS元素数量增加,信道硬化现象出现,从而在大规模系统中实现近乎完美的信道状态信息,且噪声与干扰的影响可忽略不计。

ABSTRACT

The concept of a large intelligent surface (LIS) has recently emerged as a promising wireless communication paradigm that can exploit the entire surface of man-made structures for transmitting and receiving information. An LIS is expected to go beyond massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, insofar as the desired channel can be modeled as a perfect line-of-sight. To understand the fundamental performance benefits, it is imperative to analyze its achievable data rate, under practical LIS environments and limitations. In this paper, an asymptotic analysis of the uplink data rate in an LIS-based large antenna-array system is presented. In particular, the asymptotic LIS rate is derived in a practical wireless environment where the estimated channel on LIS is subject to estimation errors and interference channels are spatially correlated Rician fading channels. Moreover, the occurrence of the channel hardening effect is analyzed and the performance bound is asymptotically derived for the considered LIS system. The analytical asymptotic results are then shown to be in close agreement with the exact mutual information as the numbers of antennas and devices increases without bounds. Moreover, the derived ergodic rates show that noise and interference from estimation errors and the non-line-of-sight path become negligible as the number of antennas increases. Simulation results show that an LIS can achieve a performance that is comparable to conventional massive MIMO with improved reliability and a significantly reduced area for antenna deployment.

研究动机与目标

  • 分析在存在信道估计误差和硬件损伤等现实条件下的基于LIS系统的上行链路遍历速率。
  • 研究当LIS中天线数量增加时,信道硬化现象在LIS系统中的出现机制。
  • 推导反映实际部署约束(如空间相关瑞利衰落和 pilot 污染)的渐近性能边界。
  • 在大规模极限下,验证渐近近似与精确互信息之间的准确性。
  • 将LIS性能与传统大规模MIMO进行比较,突出其在可靠性与部署面积方面的优势。

提出的方法

  • 基于不完美信道状态信息和硬件损伤,利用大系统分析方法,推导LIS系统的渐近上行链路遍历速率。
  • 将期望信号与干扰信道建模为空间相关瑞利衰落,由于近场部署,视 Line-of-Sight (LOS) 分量占主导地位。
  • 提出一种复合信道模型,结合视 Line-of-Sight (LOS) 与非视 Line-of-Sight (NLOS) 分量,利用基于相关性的框架对估计误差进行建模。
  • 对 pilot 污染与瑞利衰落分量使用复高斯近似,以计算接收信号功率的统计矩。
  • 应用矩生成函数技术与中心极限定理论证,推导信号与干扰加噪声比(SINR)的渐近行为。
  • 证明随着LIS元素数量增加,有效信道增益的方差趋于零,从而证实了信道硬化效应。

实验结果

研究问题

  • RQ1随着LIS元素数量的增加,LIS系统的遍历上行链路速率如何渐近演化?
  • RQ2信道估计误差与硬件损伤在多大程度上影响LIS系统的可实现速率?
  • RQ3在何种条件下,LIS系统中会出现信道硬化效应?
  • RQ4在大规模系统中,空间相关瑞利衰落与非视 Line-of-Sight (NLOS) 分量如何影响系统性能?
  • RQ5在速率、可靠性与部署面积方面,LIS性能与传统大规模MIMO相比如何?

主要发现

  • 随着LIS元素数量增加,渐近遍历速率收敛至一个确定性值,证实了信道硬化现象的出现。
  • 在大规模系统中,硬件损伤、噪声以及估计误差引起的干扰变得可忽略,其相对影响按 $\mathcal{O}(1/M)$ 衰减。
  • 所推导的渐近速率与精确互信息高度吻合,验证了大 $M$ 条件下分析近似的准确性。
  • 干扰相关性的主要贡献来自干扰信道的LOS分量,该分量驱动了信道硬化效应。
  • 仿真结果表明,LIS在性能上可与大规模MIMO相媲美,但部署面积显著减小且可靠性更高。
  • 有效信道增益的方差随 $M$ 减小,导致在渐近极限下呈现确定性有效信道。

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